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关键词： Dental implant   Peri-implantitis   Expedited dog model  

摘要： BackgroundAnimal studies are pivotal in allowing experimentation to identify efficacious treatment protocols for resolution of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize an expedited dog peri-implantitis model clinically, radiographically, and *** hound dogs underwent extractions (week 0) and implant (3.3x8.5mm) placement with simultaneous surgical defect creation and ligature placement for induction of peri-implantitis (week 10). Ligatures were replaced at 6weeks (week 16) and removed after 9weeks (week 19) when supporting bone loss involved approximately 50% of the peri-implant bone. Microbial samples from the defects and healthy control implant sites collected at week 19 were analyzed utilizing a microarray. Clinical measures of inflammation were obtained and radiographic bone loss was measured from periapical radiographs. Radiographic depth and width measurements of bony defect were repeated at weeks 10 (baseline), 16, and 19. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates was used to visualize overall differences in microbial abundance between peri-implantitis and healthy *** accelerated disease protocol led to intrabony defect creation with a mean depth and width of 4.3mm and 3.5mm, respectively after 9weeks of ligature placement. Microbial identification revealed 59 total bacteria in peri-implant sites, 21 of which were only present in peri-implant sites as compared to healthy controls. Overall microbial beta diversity (microbial between-sample compositional diversity) differed between peri-implantitis and healthy implants (p=0.009).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, this protocol led to expedited generation of peri-implant defects with a microbial profile indicative of a shift to disease and defect patterns conducive to regenerative treatment. However, the possibility of potential spontaneous resolution of lesions due to the lack of a chronicity interval as compared to chroni

关键词： 海洋生物学   课程建设   改革  

摘要： 海洋生物学(脊椎动物)课程是海洋生物专业的主要基础课程。针对以往教学过程中存在的各种问题,本研究通过对课程教学内容、教学方法和考核方法的改革以及师资队伍建设,以提高课程的教学质量和教学效果。

关键词： 核心素养   高中生物学   选修教材   核移植技术   克隆动物  

摘要： 本文以高中生物学选修教材中"动物体细胞核移植技术和克隆动物"一节为例,从科学思维、工程思维、社会责任等多个方面充分发掘教材本节内容对发展学生核心素养的价值;并从打通知识之间的联系、创造性地重组教材、补充相关问题、活动等多个方面对教材进行创生,从而实现核心素养在高中生物学教学中的落地。

关键词： 高职院校   动物微生物学   高效课堂   构建  

摘要： 针对当前高职院校动物微生物学课程课堂教学中重理论轻实践、学生主体意识缺乏、教学效率低下等突出问题,遵循教学活动规律和学科特点,提出了构建高效课堂的理念和思路,制定了创建高效课堂要建立以工作过程为导向的高职课程体系、运用多媒体教学、实践翻转课堂、推行跨界课堂、开放在线课程、重构教学模式及提高师资素养等具体措施,以期加快传统课堂改革,提高课堂教学效率,培养具有理论知识、实践能力、职业操守的应用型人才。

关键词： 底栖动物   西湖   群落结构   多样性   加权营养状态指数  

摘要： 2017年对西湖9个点位的底栖动物进行季度调查,共采集到3门7纲25种底栖动物。底栖动物年均密度为280.3个/m2,主要类别为水生昆虫、寡毛类、软体动物,优势种为羽摇蚊(Chironomus plumosus)和圆田螺(Cipangopaludina)。空间分布上,不同湖区的底栖动物组成存在不同,在主湖区(少年宫、外湖心)底栖动物主要为水生昆虫,摇蚊幼虫为绝对优势种,而湖西区(西里湖、茅家埠、金沙港、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾)底栖动物主要为软体动物。季节变化上,底栖动物密度分布为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季。寡毛类全年采样出现频次较低,作为耐污染种,这表明西湖水环境质量变好。西湖的Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数(H’)年均值为1.27,西湖水质为轻污染,其中茅家埠、金沙港和乌龟潭点位H’较高,与所在湖区生长大量沉水植物,生境更加稳定有关。H’与加权营养状态指数(TLI(∑))在对西湖个别点位水质评价结果上存在差异,鉴于西湖底栖动物生境易受外界影响导致群落波动较大,因此认为TLI(∑)的评价结果更为准确。

摘要： The review papers deal with a broad range of themes ranging from mammary development, over regulation and manipulation of milk secretion at different stages of lactation, alternatives to the 305-day standard lactation in dairy cows, old and new indicators in milk for health status and metabolic load, towards new developments in milking routines. The importance of suckling in pigs is also reviewed starting from the cyclic changes of mammary development and involution during lactation and at weaning, towards the effects of teat use and duration of teat use for mammary development in the following lactation, and addressing also the importance of previous teat use and teat preference using intriguing experimental models (Farmer, 2019). Alternatives to the 305-day standard lactation The increase of milk yields achieved by genetic and, more recently, genomic selection, has also triggered considerable concerns about animal health in dairy cows. Besides the problems related to the negative energy balance in early lactation, high milk yields towards drying-off might impose compromised welfare and health.

关键词： proton   small animal irradiators   radiobiology   quality assurance   proton small animal irradiator  

摘要： Small animal x-ray irradiation platforms are expanding the capabilities and future pathways for radiobiology research. Meanwhile, proton radiotherapy is transitioning to a standard treatment modality in the clinician's precision radiotherapy toolbox, highlighting a gap between state-of-the-art clinical radiotherapy and small animal radiobiology research. Comparative research of the biological differences between proton and x-ray beams could benefit from an integrated small animal irradiation system for in vivo experiments and corresponding quality assurance (QA) protocols to ensure rigor and reproducibility. The objective of this study is to incorporate a proton beam into a small animal radiotherapy platform while implementing QA modelled after clinical protocols. A 225 kV x-ray small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) was installed on rails to align with a modified proton experimental beamline from a 230 MeV cyclotron-based clinical system. Collimated spread out Bragg peaks (SOBP) were produced with beam parameters compatible with small animal irradiation. Proton beam characteristics were measured and alignment reproducibility with the x-ray system isocenter was evaluated. A QA protocol was designed to ensure consistent proton beam quality and alignment. As a preliminary study, cellular damage via gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence staining in an irradiated mouse tumor model was used to verify the beam range in vivo. The beam line was commissioned to deliver Bragg peaks with range 4-30 mm in water at 2 Gy min(-1). SOBPs were delivered with width up to 25 mm. Proton beam alignment with the x-ray system agreed within 0.5 mm. A QA phantom was created to ensure reproducible alignment of the platform and verify beam delivery. gamma-H2AX staining verified expected proton range in vivo. An image-guided small animal proton/x-ray research system was developed to enable in vivo investigations of radiobiological effects of proton beams, comparative studies between proton a

关键词： 灵长类动物   限制因子   不育-α-基序结构域和组氨酸/天冬氨酸残基双联体结构域包涵蛋白1   逆转录病毒   逆转录转座子   Vpx  

摘要： 目的:探讨不同灵长类动物限制因子不育-α-基序结构域和组氨酸/天冬氨酸残基双联体结构域包涵蛋白1 (SAMHD1)的抗病毒、抑制逆转录转座子LINE-1和减弱干扰素(IFN)产生信号通路等作用,为灵长类动物SAMHD1的研究提供依据。方法:构建稳定表达不同灵长类动物SAMHD1蛋白的U937细胞系,以空载体构建的细胞作为阴性对照组,以稳定表达不同灵长类动物SAMHD1蛋白的U937细胞系为实验组。经佛波酯(PMA)刺激分化成巨噬样细胞后,流式细胞术分析各组HIV-1病毒感染率。以单独转染SAMHD1表达质粒的HEK293T细胞为对照组,共同转染SAMHD1与HIV-2/SIV Vpx表达质粒的细胞为实验组,转染后48h收获细胞,采用Western blotting法检测SAMHD1蛋白表达水平,免疫荧光检测法观察不同SAMHD1蛋白的细胞内定位。以单独转染LINE-1-GFP报告质粒的HEK293T细胞作为对照组,以共同转染LINE-1-GFP与SAMHD1表达质粒的细胞为实验组,采用流式细胞术检测GFP阳性细胞率,代表SAMHD1对LINE-1转座子的活性。以单独转染IFN-luc报告质粒的HEK293T细胞为对照组,共同转染IFN-luc和SAMHD1表达质粒的细胞为实验组,采用化学发光仪检测HEK293T细胞中荧光素酶的表达水平。结果:与阴性对照组比较,灵长类动物SAMHD1稳定表达的实验组HIV-1病毒感染率明显降低(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,实验组灵长类动物SAMHD1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。免疫荧光检测,灵长类动物SAMHD1蛋白均定位于细胞核中。与对照组比较,实验组GFP阳性细胞率明显降低,即SAMHD1对LINE-1转座子活性降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与对照组比较,实验组灵长类动物HEK293T细胞中荧光素酶表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:不同灵长类动物SAMHD1蛋白具有抵抗HIV-1病毒感染、抑制逆转录转座子LINE-1以及拮抗天然免疫系统产生IFN的作用。

关键词： 生物学实验教学   动物福利   措施  

摘要： 本文对生物学实验教学过程中的动物福利问题作简要概述,并简述了培养学生动物福利观念的意义及保障实验动物福利的具体措施。