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关键词： 凝结芽孢杆菌   肠道菌群   生物学功能   免疫力  

摘要： 凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans,BC)属于微生态制剂,是近年来国内外学者的研究热点。凝芽孢杆菌有芽孢,可以产生乳酸,具有乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的双重功效,具有良好的抗逆性,以及耐高温、胃酸和胆盐的特性。凝结芽孢杆菌可抑制肠道致病菌,维持肠道菌群的平衡,促进养分的消化吸收,降低动物腹泻率,提高动物的免疫功能,减少环境污染。作为新型的饲料添加剂被广泛应用于动物生产中,因此备受关注。文章根据国内外研究成果,就凝结芽孢杆菌的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用进行综述,为凝结芽孢杆菌在动物绿色养殖中的应用提供参考。

关键词： 在线教学   双师教学   动物微生物学   教学模式   教学改革  

摘要： 为了提高在线教学质量、优化在线教学环节、深化在线教学改革,笔者通过对在线教育的研究与积累,提出了在线双师教学模式,并将其应用于动物微生物学课程中,通过直播、微慕课、雨课堂等教学方式的融合实现了在线教学模式的重构。结果表明:采用在线双师教学模式教学的班级总体成绩更为理想。笔者将在线双师教学模式与同行分享,以期为更好地开展在线教学改革提供参考与借鉴。

关键词： 高职院校   动物微生物学   职业技能   高效课堂   教学改革  

摘要： 动物微生物学是高职院校畜牧兽医专业的一门重要基础课,理论性、技术性、实践性很强,其教学效果对学生后续专业的学习、实践技能的掌握有重要影响。本文从课程教学必须适应培养现代专业技术人才的要求出发,探讨了对"动物微生物学"课程教学进行改革与实践的必要性,提出要通过对教学课时的调整、授课内容的优化、教学方式的创新以及多媒体、翻转课堂、理论与实践一体化(以下简称理实一体化)等多种教学手段的综合使用,构建以职业技能为导向的"动物微生物学"课程高效课堂,努力找出一条培养具有相当的专业理论知识、一定的实践操作技能和较高的职业素养的应用型、复合型专业人才的现实途径。

摘要： The recovery of populations and their ability to recolonise a disturbed habitat is mainly dependent on their reproductive biology (e.g., fecundity, frequency of reproduction, and time to maturity) and recruitment success. To assess recolonisation processes and connectivity of vent communities, and infer their resilience to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, we studied the life-history traits of two dominant species of vent gastropods from the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Protolira valvatoides and Pseudorimula midatlantica. Gonad morphology, gametogenesis, and reproductive outputs related to shell length were described using histological analyses, and population structure was assessed from individuals' size-frequency distributions. Samples were collected at different locations of the Montsegur and Eiffel Tower edifices (Lucky Strike vent field) in April 2015, July 2017, and August 2018 to inform on spatial and temporal variations of their reproductive outputs and demography. All stages of oocyte development were found in the gonads of both species, suggesting a continuous gametogenesis and asynchronous reproduction. However, the two species showed contrasting reproductive strategies. Indeed, while P. midatlantica is gonochoric with a fecundity of up to 327 mature oocytes, P. valvatoides is hermaphrodite with an extremely low fecundity including a maximum of eight vitellogenic oocytes. Maximum oocyte size was 176 mu m for P. midatlantica and 272 mu m for P. valvatoides. We infer from previous knowledge and our results that both species exhibit a lecithotrophic development of larvae. There was no evidence of temporal variability of reproductive traits, but environmental conditions seem to affect gametogenetic maturity and oocyte size of P. midatlantica limpets. Variations in population structure at the edifice scale suggest habitat selection of individuals related to biotic and abiotic factors.

关键词： 实验动物房   屋面机电设备   优化布置   BIM技术  

摘要： 复旦大学江湾校区某发育生物学研究所实验动物房项目,屋面机电设备工程涵盖了水、电、风、消防等专业,种类齐全、工艺复杂、数量众多。以此为例,对屋面机电设备布置存在的对布局合理性、美观协调性、空间利用率、减振降噪和成本控制等方面考虑有所欠缺的问题作了充分分析,并对设备如何优化布置提出了合理的技术措施。经优化,大大提高了屋面空间利用率,既使布局更加合理协调,也节约了可观的成本,可为类似工程借鉴。

关键词： 动物发育生物学   教学改革   拔尖创新型人才  

摘要： 动物发育生物学是生命科学学院生物科学专业卓越班的核心课程,该专业人才培养目标是提升学生的综合素质、夯实学生的专业基础、加强学生的实践能力水平。本文从改革教学内容、改革教学方法、增设虚拟实验、开发实训基地、更新考核办法等5个方面探讨了动物发育生物学课程的教学改革,以期调动学生学习积极性和主动性,达到最佳的教学效果。

关键词： Reproductive biology   Biotechnology   Conservation   Wild felids  

摘要： Conservation strategies in natural habitats as well as in breeding centers are necessary for maintaining and reinforcing viable populations of wild felids. Among the fundamental knowledge that is required for conservation breeding, a solid understanding of reproductive biology is critical for improving natural breeding and enhance genetic diversity. Additionally, it offers the opportunity to develop assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in threatened and endangered species. Conservation breeding and reproductive biotechnologies of wild felids have advanced in the past decade. It has been clearly shown that female felids have species and individual patterns of reproductive cycles and respond differently to exogenous hormones. In males, several species still have poor semen quality often due to the loss of genetic diversity in small populations. To overcome the challenges of natural breeding (incompatibility between individuals or suboptimal environment) and mitigate inbreeding, artificial insemination, embryo production and embryo transfer have been further developed in 24 wild cat species. Major factors limiting ART success are inconsistent responses to ovarian stimulation, variable quality of gametes and embryos, and preparation of recipient females. Additional approaches including stem cell technologies have been explored for future medical applications. However, there still is a critical need for better knowledge of feline reproductive biology and improvement of ARTs efficiency to increase the genetic diversity and create sustainable populations of wild felids. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 武夷山  

ISBN: (纸本)9787309147087

摘要： 全书共分4章：第一章为动物生物学野外实习的目的、内容和要求；第二章为动物生物学野外实习的主要方法和步骤，主要包括昆虫、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类、哺乳动物的野外识别的基本方法；第三章为动物生物学野外实习中的生态学研究；第四章为江西武夷山地区常见动物种类图册，包括哺乳类20种、鸟类40种、爬行类10种、两栖类10种、昆虫类180种。本书是江西武夷山地区高等院校生命科学学院师生动物生物学野外实习必备手册，也可供武夷山周边地区动物生物学研究人员参考。

关键词： bioengineering   cell-based therapies   designer cells   synthetic biology   therapeutic  

摘要： Engineered proteins with enhanced or altered functionality, generated for example by mutation or domain fusion, are at the core of nearly all synthetic biology endeavors in the context of precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine. From designer receptors sensing elevated blood markers to effectors rerouting signaling pathways to synthetic transcription factors and the customized therapeutics they regulate, engineered proteins play a crucial role at every step of novel therapeutic approaches using synthetic biology. Here, recent developments in protein engineering aided by advances in directed evolution, de novo design, and machine learning are discussed. Building on clinical successes already achieved with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-) T cells and other cell-based therapies, these developments are expected to further enhance the capabilities of mammalian synthetic biology in biomedical and other applications.

关键词： 棉籽糖   负效应   益生元   免疫功能   脂肪代谢  

摘要： 棉籽糖的主要功能是通过影响肠道菌群平衡对动物起到促生长及提高免疫力的作用,同时影响机体脂肪代谢。目前有关棉籽糖对动物影响的某些研究中,试验日粮没有排除豆类产品中棉籽糖及水苏糖含量的影响。棉籽糖具剂量效应,但具体剂量不明确。棉籽糖最重要的作用是作为益生元调节肠道菌群平衡,故棉籽糖对各种动物肠道微生物区系影响的研究还需深入。文章也综述了棉籽糖对动物的负面及可能的其他积极影响。