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关键词： 微生物学   课程思政   思政案例  

摘要： 课程思政是落实立德树人根本任务的有效途径。为了发挥“水生动物病原微生物学”课程思政的育人作用,将课程中蕴含的思政元素进行挖掘和整理,将思政案例与课程章节的知识点有机结合,让课程思政如盐化水,达到润物细无声的效果,实现知识体系教育与品德教育、人格教育与知识体系教育的浑然天成。通过这种尝试,让学生具备创新的内在动力,徜徉在知识的海洋中,努力探究科学真谛,具有家国情怀,热爱“三农”,实现政治认同和文化自信。

关键词： 枸杞   活性成分   生理功能   动物生产  

摘要： 枸杞是一种传统的药食兼用型中药,属于茄科枸杞属灌木植物。枸杞的主要生物活性物质有枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、枸杞色素等,具有抗菌、抗氧化、降血糖、免疫调节等生理功能。枸杞及其提取物、枸杞粉、枸杞渣等作为功能性饲料添加剂在动物生产中的研究已有报道,应用价值高、开发前景广。综述了枸杞的主要活性成分及生理功能,枸杞在动物生产中的实际应用,旨在为枸杞的合理开发利用提供参考。

关键词： 科研成果   动物生理   重点实验室   生化与分子生物学实验室   动物生物化学   生命科学   人才培养   学科建设  

摘要： 河北省动物生理生化与分子生物学实验室是在河北师范大学原动物学、生理学和动物生物化学研究室基础上于1982年正式组建,2005年4月3日被纳入重点实验室管理序列。该实验室多年来坚持以创新研究和解决生命科学重要问题为目标,在学科建设、人才培养、科研成果等方面取得了巨大进步,并在功能多肽的发掘与利用、铁代谢紊乱疾病的机理研究。

关键词： 动物微生物学   教学实验室   安全管理   安全体系  

摘要： 针对动物微生物学教学实验室安全问题的特殊性,结合所在单位实际,该文从完善安全管理制度、实施层层递进的安全教育和准入机制、建立门禁管理系统、明确安全责任到人、加强实验教学中重点生物安全风险管理和重视日常安全工作等方面构建实验室安全管理体系。通过这些实践,有效地预防了实验室安全事故的发生,保障了实验教学和科学研究的正常开展。

关键词： Climate change   Global ocean change   Nervous system   Neuron   Adaptation   Global warming   Arthropod   Stomatogastric   Ganglion   Crab   Baltic Sea  

摘要： The unprecedented rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere has led to increased warming, acidification and oxygen depletion in the world's oceans, with projected impacts also on ocean salinity. In this perspective article, we highlight potential impacts of these factors on neuronal responses in decapod crustaceans. Decapod crustaceans comprise more than 8,800 marine species which have colonized a wide range of habitats that are particularly affected by global ocean change, including estuarine, intertidal, and coastal areas. Many decapod species have large economic value and high ecological importance because of their global invasive potential and impact on local ecosystems. Global warming has already led to considerable changes in decapod species' behavior and habitat range. Relatively little is known about how the decapod nervous system, which is the ultimate driver of all behaviors, copes with environmental stressors. We use select examples to summarize current findings and evaluate the impact of current and expected environmental changes. While data indicate a surprising robustness against stressors like temperature and pH, we find that only a handful of species have been studied and long-term effects on neuronal activity remain mostly unknown. A further conclusion is that the combined effects of multiple stressors are understudied. We call for greater research efforts towards long-term effects on neuronal physiology and expansion of cross-species comparisons to address these issues.

关键词： Sponge   Mitochondria   Phylogeny   Demosponge   Evolution  

摘要： The sponge class Demospongiae is the most speciose and morphologically diverse in the phylum Porifera, and the species within it are vital components of a range of ecosystems worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, a number of recalcitrant problems still remain to be solved regarding their phylogenetic inter-relationships, the timing of their appearance, and their mitochondrial biology, the latter of which is only beginning to be investigated. Here we generated 14 new demosponge mitochondrial genomes which, alongside previously published mitochondrial resources, were used to address these issues. In addition to phylogenomic analysis, we have used syntenic data and analysis of coding regions to forge a framework for understanding the inter-relationships between Demospongiae sub-classes and orders. We have also leveraged our new resources to study the mitochondrial biology of these clades in terms of codon usage, optimisation and gene expression, to understand how these vital cellular components may have contributed to the success of the Porifera. Our results strongly support a sister relationship between Keratosa and (Verongimorpha + Heteroscleromorpha), contradicting previous studies using nuclear markers. Our study includes one species of Clionaida, and show for the first time support for a grouping of Suberitida+(Clionaida+(Tethyida + Poecilosclerida). The findings of our phylogenetic analyses are supported by in-depth examination of structural and coding-level evidence from our mitochondrial data. A time-calibrated phylogeny estimated the origin of Demospongiae in the Cambrian (similar to 529 Mya), and suggests that most demosponge order crown-groups emerged in the Mesozoic. This work therefore provides a robust basis for considering demosponge phylogenetic relationships, as well as essential mitochondrial data for understanding the biological basis for their success and diversity.

关键词： biologic factors   medication   orthodontics   post-orthodontic changes   relapse  

摘要： Immediately after the removal of orthodontic appliances, the teeth might start to drift away from their corrected position in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium. Medications and biologic factors could potentially modulate these processes. The objective of the present systematic review is to systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the evidence regarding the effect of various medications and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active tooth movement. Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until April 2020 were conducted. Studies performed on animal models investigating the effects of medication and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following orthodontic tooth movement were considered. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed. Seventeen studies were finally identified, mostly at either high or unclear risk of bias. Ketorolac did not show any significant effects on relapse, while the administration of tetracycline, atorvastatin, psoralen and raloxifene decreased it. Overall, the same result was observed with bisphosphonates with the exception of low dosage of risedronate, which did not have an effect. Osteoprotegerin and strontium resulted in reduced relapse, but not in the immediate post-administration period. Inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the use of simvastatin and relaxin. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. It can be concluded that specific medications and biologic factors may have an effect on the rate of relapse following tooth movement. The orthodontist should be knowledgeable about the substances potentially affecting retention.

关键词： 硒   茶多酚   动物   抗氧化   免疫   抗肿瘤  

摘要： 硒是动物体的必需微量元素,茶多酚是茶叶中具有生物活性的主要物质之一,二者具有多种相似的生物学功能,如抗氧化、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤等,可通过调节多条信号通路进而发挥其功能,在促进动物生产性能、增强抗氧化功能等方面具有协同作用。本文就硒与茶多酚的生物学功能、对细胞内的信号调节机制及在动物生产中的应用进行综述,为进一步研究硒与茶多酚的协同作用并对其在动物生产中的应用提供新的方向和视野,为微量元素的精准营养及绿色饲料添加剂的研发提供思路。

关键词： blood–   brain barrier   cytokines   depression   immune   sex differences   stress   vascular  

摘要： Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, social isolation and anhedonia. It will affect 20% of individuals with considerable economic impacts. Unfortunately, 30-50% of depressed individuals are resistant to current antidepressant treatments. MDD is twice as prevalent in women and associated symptoms are different. Depression's main environmental risk factor is chronic stress, and women report higher levels of stress in daily life. However, not every stressed individual becomes depressed, highlighting the need to identify biological determinants of stress vulnerability but also resilience. Based on a reverse translational approach, rodent models of depression were developed to study the mechanisms underlying susceptibility vs resilience. Indeed, a subpopulation of animals can display coping mechanisms and a set of biological alterations leading to stress resilience. The aetiology of MDD is multifactorial and involves several physiological systems. Exacerbation of endocrine and immune responses from both innate and adaptive systems are observed in depressed individuals and mice exhibiting depression-like behaviours. Increasing attention has been given to neurovascular health since higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is found in MDD patients and inflammatory conditions are associated with depression, treatment resistance and relapse. Here, we provide an overview of endocrine, immune and vascular changes associated with stress vulnerability vs. resilience in rodents and when available, in humans. Lack of treatment efficacy suggests that neuron-centric treatments do not address important causal biological factors and better understanding of stress-induced adaptations, including sex differences, could contribute to develop novel therapeutic strategies including personalized medicine approaches.

关键词： 初中生物学   海洋动物   课外活动  

摘要： 随着时代的发展,课程改革的进行,现代教育倡导要全面贯彻党的教育方针,落实立德树人的根本任务,发展素质教育,推进教育公平,培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。同时,随着新课程标准理念的实施,单纯地注重学生生物基本技能和基础知识的培育已经不能满足新时期核心素养培育的要求。而课外活动作为培养学生全面和谐发展的重要途径,它在课程中的价值和地位也显得更为重要。本文通过文献研究法,对相关文献进行梳理,发现关于初中生物学课外活动开展现状并不乐观。目前,单独对于某一主题的生物学科外活动的研究较少。因此,本研究为了丰富生物学课外活动的类型,在实习期间以实习中学为例,采用问卷调查法、访谈调查法对目前生物学课外活动的开展状况进行了调查、总结。为本次开展海洋动物主题生物学科外活动提供现实依据。最后采用案例分析法,对开展海洋动物主题的生物学课外活动进行了一次较全面的实践研究,以期探索到开展生物学课外活动的最佳策略,为今后教师开展生物学课外活动提供新思路。本研究在海洋动物大主题之下,根据学生的认知特点以及学生原有的知识基础,依据开展课外活动的基本原则和开展海洋动物主题课外活动的流程,设计并实施了海洋中的向日葵---海葵类课外活动、海洋中的脊椎动物----鱼类课外活动、动物世界第二大家族成员---海洋贝类课外活动、海洋动物----人类的朋友等部分海洋动物主题课外活动。通过对这几节课外活动实施效果的反思,以及学生对自己参加完课外活自身成长的评价、指导教师对课外活动开展效果的评价,总结了课外活动的实施的对策与建议。希望给以后开展课外活动的老师们以参考。研究结果表明在初中开展海洋动物主题的初中生物学课外活动,对学生有显著的正面影响。学生的生物学兴趣明显提高,在生物课堂上的学习氛围更加热烈,课下和教师的交流也更加频繁。同时学生的观察能力、动手操作能力、表达与交流能力、团队合作能力也都大幅度提高。其次通过案例的设计与实践,对课外活动组织与实施过程总的不断摸索,总结了开展海洋动物主题生物学课外活动的对策和建议,以供后面研究者参考借鉴。最后通过将初中生物学课外活动与海洋动物相结合,增加了生物学课外活动的丰富性,学生的校园生活更丰富多彩。且海洋动物主题的生物学课外活动与初中生物学核心素养的理念高度吻合,学生的科学探究能力、科学思维能力、生命观念、社会责任感都得到了提升。经过一学期的实践研究,论证了开展生物学课外活动的必要性,但也存在一些不足:一本研究是以海洋动物为主题,结合初中生物学来设计并实施课外活动,海洋动物种类多种多样,包括动物世界第一大家族节肢动物、第二大家族软体动物、同时还有鱼类、海洋浮游动物、海底栖息动物等。而本次研究中,因为各种因素的限制,选择了海边常见的几种小型海洋动物,进行生物学课外活动。二本次研究中课外活动开展以八年级学生为主体,加上八年级学生学习压力大,学习时间紧迫,安排的课外活动时间有限,所以开展了四次比较有代表性的课外活动,涉及的范围相对集中。三本次研究中开展的是以海洋动物为主题的初中生物学课外活动,而生物学课外活动形式有第二课堂、校园节日、综合实践、项目研究等活动。生物学课外活动的类型主要集中在生物学技艺类、生物学实验类、实用生物学类、专题研究类。而专题研究类主要是环境教育、健康教育、安全教育类。但是关于海洋动物这方面的生物学课外活动研究相对较少,可以借鉴的内容较少。