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关键词： 马类   气喘病   微生物学   检查  

摘要： 本研究从35例气喘病马类动物中分离出与气喘病发生有关的微生物有普通高温放线菌、普通高温放线菌橙色变种、热吸水链霉菌、干草小多孢菌、构巢曲霉、桔青霉、局限青霉、杂色曲霉、禾谷镰刀菌、短密青霉、高大毛霉以及副流感3型。其中以嗜热放线菌类为主,并以9头健康马类动物和牲畜的饲草饲料中也分离到嗜热放线菌类和毛霉、青霉、曲霉等。试验证明,这些微生物在自然界分布广泛,而病畜体内菌检率较健畜为高。除了杂色曲霉和构巢曲霉外,其它在国内尚未见有在马类动物气喘病中分离的报道,而热吸水链霉菌在国外也未见报道。

关键词： Ablattaria arenaria   Silphidae   biology   Ablattaria arenaria   Silphidae   biologia  

摘要： The biology of Ablattaria arenaria (Kraatz) was studied in the laboratory by using a helicid snail, Xeropicta derbentina (kyrnicki) as prey. Population development of A. arenaria in the field was studied in 1985 and 1986. The eggs of A. arenaria were laid in the soil in lots of 5-45 at various intervals, and the total number of eggs per female varied from 144 to 193 during the oviposition period 24-88 days. A. arenaria passed through the egg, 3 larval, prepupal, and pupal stages before reaching the adult stage. The mean duration of these stages was 9.8, 3.9, 2.5, 5.9, 3.8 and 5.7 days, respectively, with a total of 31.4 days. A. arenaria overwintered as an adult and became active and laid eggs during the spring. The start of spring activity seemed to be highly influenced by relative humidity. High humidity resulted in early emergence from overwintering sites. There was 1 generation 1985, but 2 population peaks occurred in 1986. Immature stages of the 2nd generation became adult before the beginning of aestivation. Activity of the beetles was stopped by the beginning of hot weather in June, which synchronized well with the beginning of snail aestivation.

关键词： 中学生物学教材   东北虎   长毛虎   亚洲   动物学   内蒙古   台湾省   北美洲   新疆   甘肃   哺乳动物  

摘要： 现行中学生物学教材中列举了近90种哺乳动物。现将这些动物在分类系统中的地位及其分布概况作一简介,供教学参考。原兽亚纲(Prototheria) 单孔目(Monotremata) 鸭嘴兽科(Ornithorhynchidae)仅一属一种。鸭嘴兽(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)亦称“鸭懒”。分布于澳大利亚南部和塔斯马尼亚。针鼹科(Tachyglossidae)仅2属2种。澳洲针鼹(Tachyglossus aculeatus)亦称“短吻针鼹”。初中动物学教材图139即指这种针鼹。分布于澳大利亚和新几内亚。

摘要： Laboratory studies on the reproductive cycle of the planktonic copepod Temor stylifera, collected from the Gulf of Naples [Italy] between October 1987 and March 1988, showed that females oscillated between a light and dark gonadal condition. Histological preparations indicated that the dark condition corresponded to a ripe stage of oogenesis as compared to the light or unripe maturation state of primary oocytes. The number of eggs released within 24h was strongly dependent on the reproductive status of the female at the time of incubation. Light unfed females rarely reverted to a dark or ripe condition and egg deposition in such cases was almost always zero. Dark females produced eggs within 24 h under all experimental food conditions, reverting from dark to light soon after egg deposition. Successively, the length of the interclutch period was strongly dependent on the type of food present. A high percentage of infertile eggs was almost present. We suggest that short-term studies, not taking into consideration the condition of gonads at the time of incubation, will underestimate potential egg production rates. Females maintained for longer than three or four days produced mainly infertile eggs. After remating, females reinitiated the production of fertile eggs but egg viabilities never reached 100% hatching success, indicating poor efficiency in the fertilization of mature oocytes. We hypothesize a possible cause and effect relationship between egg viabilities and seasonal fluctuations in population densities.

关键词： 生物测定   定义   诊断(医学)   职业安全   安全工程   微生物学   细菌纲   规范(审批)   传染病   结核病   医学科学   试验   诊断   生物分析和试验  

标准号: DIN 58943-31-1989

摘要： Colidotea rostrata (Benedict, 1989) is the only known commensal idoteid isopod, living on and mimicking the color of two northeastern Pacific sea urchins of the genus Strongylocentrotus. The population dynamics and reproductive biology of C. rostrata on its host urchins were studied at a low rocky intertidal area in southern California (***.40''N;***.30''W) from December 1984 to December 1986. Isopod populations remained relatively stable throughout the 2 yr study, with isopods inhabiting an average of 56.1% of the urchins at 6.1 .+-. 0.6 (.hivin.X .+-. 2 SE) isopods per urchin. Female isopods reach sexual maturity at a length of 6.8 mm. Fecundity in C. rostrata averaged 11.8 .+-. 0.9 (.hivin.X .+-. 2 SE) embryos per brood, and increased with female body size. Breeding occurs all year long in C. rostrata, with a main reproductive period beween the warmer spring and summer months. Newly released mancas and juvenile isopods were present during all months of the study. C. rostrata differs from the free-living idoteidae in its smaller maximum size, reduced fecundity, 1:1 sex ratio, and low juvenile mortality. These features may represent adaptations to a commensal life style that reflect a reduced mortality pressure on these isopods.

关键词： annelidicolous copepod   Cyclorhiza   functional biology   phylogeny  

摘要： A new copepod belonging to the little-known family Phyllodicolidae has been found in Galway Bay, western Ireland, infesting the phyllodocid polychaet Eteone longa. It is a strongly transformed species showing marked extra-ecdysial growth and possessing some interesting adaptive features. A description is presented, along with some notes on its functional biology and an assessment of its possible phylogenetic relationships.

摘要： The DOSECC well in Cajon Pass encounters two sedimentary units: the uppermost is Unit 5 of the Cajon (Punchbowl) Formation; the lower has not been identified. To help identify the lower unit, 325 fragments of fossil tooth and bone were separated from 600 kg of cuttings recovered from 430‐435 m in the well by washing, sizing, heavy liquid separation and hand sorting. The most diagnostic fossil is a rodent upper incisor with distinctive pinnate ridges. Such ridges are characteristic of those on upper incisors of Hemingfordian land mammal age squirrels of the tribe Sciurini. This date is consistent with local structural interpretations.