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关键词： 动物   免疫毒性   生物学   检测  

摘要： 多年来,许多毒理学家已经注意到免疫系统是在急性或亚急性接触环境化学物质,治疗甲药、滥用药物或物理因素产生毒性反应的靶器官,并研究化学品对免疫系统的毒性作用。由于很多化学物质对人免疫系统具有抑制作用,同样对动物也能产生类似的结果,而且产生免疫抑制作用的机制也很相似。因此从实验动物所获得的免疫毒性研究资料。

关键词： 实验动物   体外法   脊椎动物  

摘要： 用体外法等替代脊推动物进行医学生物学研究及试验美国医学图书馆（ＮＬＭ）在国立卫生研究院（ＮＩＨ）的支持下，搜集了近年来发表的用体外法减少使用脊椎动物进行试验方法的有关文献。反映了当前试验方法探索的一个趋势，现介绍如下：致癌性试验１．Ｐａｒｋｅ于１９９Ｏ年发表用计算机程序（ＣＯＭＰＡＣＴ）及细胞色素Ｐ４５０ｓ酶诱导试验可代替啮齿类动物的致癌性试验及Ａｍｅｓ试验，以检测化学药物的急性毒性及致癌性，经过１００种化学药物的对比试验，证明三种检测方法有很强的相关性。２．Ｒｏｓｅｎｋｒａｎｚ１９９０年用自动结构测量计算机法（ＣＡＳＥ）研究啮齿类动物的致癌物，表明ＣＡＳＥ能够确定分子结构中的决定簇，它可预测啮齿类的致癌原性，并有很高的可信性，也可测定非致癌性的决定．作者认为此法可用于预测食用植物中一般内源性杀虫剂对啮齿类的致癌作用。二、心脏毒性用心脏损伤性刺激引起的细胞反应性一一休克蛋白形成（ＳｈｏｃｋＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ）一一作为监测心脏毒性的方法。以胰蛋白酶消化法制成１８日龄胎鼠的心肌细胞培养物，这些细胞对其它细胞体系诱发出的休克蛋白或休克蛋白合成的心脏毒素产生反应。这种能诱发休克蛋白分成的能力可能只限于有...

摘要： In native brain membranes the principal excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate activates cation-conducting channels with distinct biophysical and pharmacological properties. Molecular cloning has revealed the existence of 16 channel subunits that can assemble in homomeric or heteromeric configurations in vitro to form receptor channels with disparate functional properties. This review describes the different channel types obtained by recombinant means and the genetic mechanisms controlling the expression of functionally important channel structures.

关键词： Africa (Lake Victoria)   Evolution   Faunal remnant   Fish, cichlid  

摘要： Lake Victoria until recently harbored the world's second richest lacustrine fish assemblage, but it is now experiencing a mass extinction. Here we report on the current status of the endemic cichlid fishes from a preliminary biotic inventory conducted as part of limnological reconnaissance in Kenyan and Ugandan waters during 1989-1992. Sixty-two haplochromine taxa were recovered, half of them new some are local endemics, while others are more widely distributed, based on review of earlier collections. Comparison with data from 1982-1984 and 1988 suggests that some shoreline assemblages have been locally stable over the past decade. In addition to littoral rock and vegetation, four kinds of refugia for indigenous fishes are recognized. (1) schools of Rastrineobola, (2) benthic microbial mats in deep water, (3) satellite lakes, (4) the oxycline Reconnaissance by remote operated vehicle (ROV) documented fish kills due to deoxygenation of the water column indicating the risk of using the oxycline as a refugium. Several species formerly abundant in Lake Victoria were found only in satellite lakes, revealing the importance of these lakes in the conservation of indigenous species. Recent events in Lake Victoria shed light on mechanisms of speciation and mass extinction, insights relevant to conservation planning for the valuable remnants of the lake's indigenous fauna.

摘要： In native brain membranes the principal excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate activates cation-conducting channels with distinct biophysical and pharmacological properties. Molecular cloning has revealed the existence of 16 channel subunits that can assemble in homomeric or heteromeric configurations in vitro to form receptor channels with disparate functional properties. This review describes the different channel types obtained by recombinant means and the genetic mechanisms controlling the expression of functionally important channel structures.

关键词： 动物药   中医理论   全息生物学  

摘要： 全息生物学自80年代提出至今尚不足10年。但却得到了长足的发展,特别是用于医学的研究,已显现出全息生物学的强大生命力和科学性。中医学里有很多理论与全息生物学息息相关,如疾病的诊断方面及手法治疗方面。笔者发现动物药的运用也包含着很多全息生物学思想。

摘要： In earlier work sections of the shells of tuatua (Paphies subtriangulata) were scanned longitudinally with a focused beam of 2.5 MeV protons, and the distributions of calcium and the minor element strontium determined by the PIXE method. In a few narrow bands in each shell the strontium concentration was higher by a factor of 2 or 3. These strontium ''markings'', which correspond to about one month of growth, appear to record the annual spawning period. A growth curve for the species at one site was determined in this way. We have now shown that the experimental procedure can be simplified: one scan across the shell near the umbo (hinge) will display every marking. The exact position and angle are not critical, though the relative heights and spacings will show variations. Markings are clearly seen in this and a related species (Paphies australe), but the distributions are more complex than anticipated. Distributions in different shells show the same general form but differences in detail. Unexpectedly, there is enough fluorine in the shells to reveal similar patterns with peaks which coincide exactly with those from strontium.

关键词： Isopoda   Scanning Electron Microscope   brooding   Biological Science Disciplines   Antarctic   giant stars   Nutritional Sciences   Isopods   Crustacea   Gigantism   biology  

摘要： The marsupium of the Antarctic giant isopod, Glyptonotus antarcticus Eights 1853, has unique characteristics. It deviates in its proportions and construction from the so called Idotea type of brood pouch found in other marine isopod species;some features even remind you of the so called Porcellio type of marsupium which is typical of terrestrial isopods. Details are described by scanning electron microscopy. From our observations and from reviewed data, we suggest that, during the prolonged incubation of brood, adelphophagy contributes to the nourishment of the developing young, and assume that additional nutrition is provided by maternal secretion. These suggestions would partly explain marsupial conditions in G. antarcticus as an adaptation to slow development in an adverse environment. Two species of epizoa, a turbellarian and a fish leech, were found to occur on G. anarcticus in the vicinity of the marsupium.

关键词： 动物   精液   生物学效应   激光   辐照  

摘要： 本文综述了激光辐照动物精液研究的现状和进展,並讨论了激光辐射精液的生物学效应及其机理等问题。