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关键词： 实验动物   生物检验   分类分级   动物生物学   饲养管理   动物室   动物饲养   繁殖群   微生物学监测   欧洲标准  

摘要： 实验动物及动物实验科技人员分类分级的欧洲标准欧洲实验动物科学学会联合会（ＦＥＬＡＳＡ）将实验动物和动物实验科技人员分为４类，Ａ类：动物饲养管理人员；Ｂ类：动物实验人员；Ｃ类：负责指导动物实验人员ＣＤ类：实验动物科学专家。对各类人员的具体要求，简述如下...

关键词： 谷氨酸   α-氨基戊二酸   神经递体   受体   离子流  

摘要： L-谷氨酸能神经递质的许多作用,从兴奋性突触的快速传递到发育过程的调控,都是由离子耦联性受体所介导的。以神经元胞体的细胞膜片进行生理分析,发现不同类型的谷氨酸敏感性通道共存于许多细胞上。 AMPA(α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸)

关键词： AMPHIPODA   EURYTHENES   MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY   BROOD SIZE   HATCHLING SIZE  

摘要： Records attributed to Eurythenes gryllus are discussed in the light of described morphological variation, and the existence of a third species in the genus is postulated. The presence of five pairs of oostegites in E. gryllus, a character almost unique among the Amphipoda, is confirmed. Brooding females of E, gryllus and E. obesus, captured in deep midwater hauls in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, are reported for the first time. The 120 mm E. gryllus female carried 237 hatchlings (mean length 11.13 mm) and the 48 mm E. obesus female 47 hatchlings (mean length 7.99 mm). Hatchlings showed variability in size and bodily proportion, and measurements of individual body segments could not be used to predict overall length. Despite this variability, no evidence for more than one instar was found. The hatchlings of E. gryllus are established as a hitherto unrecognized instar in this species. Egg size for E. gryllus and E, obesus is predicted. The biological consequences of the absolute and relative size of hatchling in the two species, and the depths of capture of the E. gryllus female, are discussed.

关键词： 微生物   微生物学   细菌纲   饲料   微生物分析   试验   食品  

标准号: ISO 10272-1995

摘要： Describes a horizontal method for the detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter in food and animal feeding stuffs.

摘要： In 1971 the Nordic Council for Wildlife Research (NKV) was founded and the idea of starting a new journal emerged already at that time. Some NKV-members felt that scientists, especially from the Nordic countries, needed better possibilities of publishing internationally in wildlife ecology. National, regional or even local interests in publishing details for the benefit of non-scientists as opposed to the wish of achieving knowledge of a more general bearing for understanding wildlife ecology were discussed, and in 1976 the Council in principle decided to start a scientific, Nordic journal on wildlife research. Subsequently, the Council investigated the possibilities of financing the journal. They also carried out investigations to find out to what extent potential scientific writers were interested in publishing in a joint Nordic journal as compared to publishing in the national or institutional reports which were available at that time. The Council also looked for editorial competence and capacity. It soon became clear that it would not be easy to realise the idea. In 1979, wildlife biologists from the Nordic countries held a meeting in Sweden which strongly supported the idea, but some biologists, e.g. in Finland, remained unconvinced of the soundness of the idea and they preferred to continue publishing in the national publication forums. The national and institutional reports were also considered necessary for maintaining international exchange agreements with other institutions and/or libraries. It seemed difficult to finance a new journal without using at least some of the funds available for national publications. In the early 1980's no major break-throughs had been made and the idea was taken off the agenda until 1989 when the debate was resumed. This time, the immediate cause was that the Norwegian reorganisation of wildlife research, including publishing, offered a new opportunity to investigate the whole matter once more. Experiences from

关键词： AZORES   LOLIGO FORBESI   POPULATION STRUCTURE  

摘要： In the period from November 1990 to March 1992, 1820 squid of the species Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856, from the Azores fishery, were sampled. Males comprised 58.9%, ranging from 240 to 937 mm in dorsal mantle length (ML) (mean 590 mm) and 41.1% were females, ranging from 200 to 462 ML (mean 359 mm). Eighty-one percent of the males were sexually mature (mean ML 620.5 mm) and 87.4% of the females (mean ML 365 mm). Three maturity indices for females and for males were applied. Both sexes showed highest maturity values in winter and spring, lowest in autumn, but mature squid were found in all monthly samples. Recruitment into the fishery was higher during autumn.

关键词： FEATHERS   EVOLUTION   ARCHAEOPTERYX   FEEDING   RESPIRATION   REPRODUCTION  

摘要： Evidence from the comparative biology of living birds and mammals is used to address the question 'which came first, flight or endothermy?'. Birds and mammals have evolved different solutions to the problems of high energy flow demanded by endothermy. The heavy apparatus needed for processing food to allow the rapid assimilation of energy is housed in the head of mammals, but low down in the bird's body. The primitive inefficient tidal-flow system of ventilation is simply enlarged in mammals, but is replaced in birds by a lighter uni-flow system through air sacs and parabronchi. Birds avoid the weight problems associated with the mammalian systems of viviparity and lactation by nourishing their young with large quantities of yolk within the egg and and unprocessed diet after hatching. The apparent adaptedness for flight of the avian systems suggests that in the animals ancestral to birds the adaptations for high energy flow were constrained from the start by the need for aerodynamic stability, i.e. flight was initiated before endothermy. The implications of this conclusion for the origin of flight and feathers are discussed.

关键词： RODENT MALARIAS   CHEMOSENSITIVITY   CHLOROQUINE   MEROZOITE LATENCY  

摘要： According to the hypothesis proposed by Landau, Cambie and Chabaud (1990, Annalees de Parasiiologie Humaine et Comparee 65: 101-103), the chemoresistance of malaria is related to the selection of strains with latent merozoites, the latter being capable of penetrating into red blood cells at other times than that of the time of schizogony and reinfect the host with as much of a delay as several days. They determine an asynchronism of the schizogonic rhythm and, being so far resistant to all known medication, should induce, at least to some extent, a chemoresistance. Consequently, there are three factors linked to merozoites: latency, asynchronism and chemoresistance. The relationship between asynchronism and latency of merozoites has been demonstrated previously (Cambie, Landau and Chabaud, 1990, Compte Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris 310: 183-188.). In the present work it was shown that the two classifications of strains, first in order of increasing chloroquine resistance, second in order of increasing degree of persistance of merozoites in the blood, are almost identical for the 10 strains, subspecies or species of Plasmodium considered. The relationship between latency of merozoites and chemoresistance appears to have been demonstrated.

关键词： 实验动物   微生物学检验   质量控制  

摘要： 实验动物微生物学检测的新技术章谷生（上海静安医学化验所）实验动物微生物学品质的监控是实现实验动物标准化的主要措施之一。按照微生物学控制内容，实验动物分普通、清洁、无特殊病原体、悉生和无菌等五级，每级均明确规定最少必须检测的微生物项目，但对所用的检测方...

关键词： biogeography   Isopoda   type specimens   Note Taking   zoogeography   disks   Antarctica   Biological Science Disciplines   Weddell Sea   Isopods   Crustacea   biology  

摘要： Until now the dajid isopod species Zonophryxus quinquedens Barnard, 1913 was only described from off Cape Point, South Africa. By collecting one male and three female specimens from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, the known range of the species and genus has to be extended to 69-degrees-58.9'S 05-degrees-08.5'E. One female specimen was found attached to the dorsal carapace of the benthopelagic decapod shrimp Nematocarcinus longirostris Bate, 1888, which served as a host for the ectoparasitic isopod. The mouthparts of the isopod penetrated directly into the heart of the shrimp. Based on the new Antarctic specimens and the type specimens of Barnard from the South African Museum, we present a redescription of Zonophryxus quinquedens. Possible conclusions from the disjunct distribution for the ecology of the species are discussed.