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关键词： 厌氧   检测   定义   试验   微生物分析   基准方法   细菌纲   微生物学   食品   农产品   食品检验   微生物   计数方法(微生物学)   肉食分析   细菌计数方法   肉   肉制品   梭菌属   亚硫酸还原生物  

标准号: BS ISO 15213-2003

摘要： This International Standard specifies a horizontal method for the enumeration of sulfite-reducing bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions. It is applicable to — products intended for human consumption and the feeding of animals, and — environmental samples in the area of food production and food handling.

标准号: NF V08-036-2003

标准号: NF V08-011-2003

关键词： 卵巢肿瘤   疾病模型   动物   大鼠   Fischer   344   生物学特性  

摘要： 目的 :在具有正常免疫功能的Fischer3 44大鼠体内建立卵巢上皮癌模型并探讨其生物学特性。方法 :体外培养近交系Fischer3 44大鼠卵巢上皮低分化腺癌细胞株NuTu 1 9,采用细胞计数和MTT法观察细胞生长情况及其对顺铂 (cDDP) ,5 氟尿嘧啶 (5 FU)和足叶乙甙 (VP 1 6)的敏感性。将对数生长期的NuTu 1 9按 1× 1 0 7、1× 1 0 6和 1× 1 0 5细胞 /只接种于雌性Fischer3 44大鼠腹腔内 ,建立卵巢癌腹腔转移模型 ,观察成瘤率、肿瘤生长、播散情况及动物生存期 ,并对腹腔肿瘤进行病理学检查和原代组织培养 ,确定肿瘤的存在及性质。结果 :在体外培养条件下NuTu 1 9细胞生长迅速 ,其倍增时间约 1 8.9h。NuTu 1 9对cDDP和VP 1 6等卵巢癌常用化疗药物高度敏感。将不同数量的NuTu 1 9细胞接种大鼠腹腔后 ,成瘤率为 1 0 0 % ,迅速发生腹腔播散并产生大量血性腹水 ,其生物学行为与人类卵巢上皮癌相似。肿瘤细胞负荷增加 ,动物生存期明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1 )。模型动物肿瘤组织病理学检查证实胸腹腔多脏器肿瘤播散 ,腹腔肿瘤原代培养证实肿瘤组织的细胞形态和生物学特性与NuTu 1 9细胞一致。结论 :在具有正常免疫功能的大鼠体内建立卵巢上皮癌动物模型 ,有助于了解卵巢癌生物学及免疫学特性 。

摘要： Having started this review with Di Bassi's work on a fungus destroying the French silkworm industry 160 years ago, the article finishes with a fungus being rendered more pathogenic through genetic engineering to kill an invertebrate. Yet, even while using a fungus as a biological weapon, one needs to be careful not to gun down innocent civilian targets alongside the enemy! It may be argued that this article will have little or no immediate clinical significance for the veterinarian involved in exotic species. And yet it is hoped that it will have provided an interesting and informative (not to say exotic!) introduction to the important area of mycotic disease in exotic species.

关键词： Dasymys incomtus   estrous cycle   life history   ontogeny   reproduction  

摘要： I studied reproduction and postnatal ontogeny in a captive population of the African water rat, Dasymys incomtus, whose numbers have declined since the 1960s. Mean litter size was 2.9, gestation was 29 days, and maximum reproductive output was 18 young. Neonates were altricial and weighed 6.1-10.3 g. Weaning occurred at 24 days, and sexual maturity was attained at 6 weeks in males and 17 weeks in females. The estrous cycle was 7-16 days, the variation being caused by prolonged estrus. Comparisons with other African murid rodents suggest that the low reproductive output and prolonged postnatal ontogeny of D. incomtus reflect phylogenetic constraints imposed by an altricial strategy and nipple clinging but also may be adaptive responses to the stable and predictable mesic habitats occupied by D. incomtus. However, the low reproductive rate compromises its ability to cope with continued habitat destruction and desiccation, and populations of D. incomtus can be expected to decline further.

关键词： antibiotics   blood plasma   Escherichia coli   intestines   piglets   weaning  

摘要： We evaluated spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) as an alternative to antimicrobial medication with colistin sulfate in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Forty-eight piglets weaned at 24 d of age were distributed into 12 pens, and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments. All the piglets were given an oral dose of 5 x 10(7) cfu of E. coli K99 at weaning. The dietary treatments followed a factorial arrangement with two levels of SPAP (0 and 7%) and two levels of colistin (0 and 300 mg/kg of diet). The ADG and ADFI were measured on d 7 and 14 of trial. Three piglets from each treatment were killed on d 7 and 14 to remove the small intestine, and to obtain ileal and cecal digestive contents. The inclusion of SDAP improved ADG by 68 g (P < 0.05) and ADFI by 41 g (P < 0.10) in wk 1 of trial. During wk 2, SDAP improved ADG by 41 g (P < 0.10) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) by 25% (P < 0.01). On the other hand, whereas colistin had no effect on performance in wk 1, it improved ADG by 102 g (P < 0.01), ADFI by 62 g (P < 0.01), and GY by 26% (P < 0.01) in wk 2. Over the 14 d of the trial, ADG was improved by 54 (P < 0.05) and 75 g (P < 0.05), and G:F was improved by 35 (P < 0.05) and 32% (P < 0.05) due to SDAP and colistin, respectively. There was interaction between colistin and SDAP for ADFI in wk 2 and between d 0 to 14 (P < 0.05), which indicates that their effects were not additive. The use of colistin was advantageous in the maintenance. of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs, as suggested by a small intestine that was 93 g heavier (P < 0.10) and with the tallest villi 106 [mum longer (P < 0.10) than in pigs without colistin. The inclusion of SDAP in the diet favored the growth of lactobacilli in the ileum (P < 0.10) and the cecum (P < 0.05), whereas colistin reduced the number of enterococci in the cecum (P < 0.05) and of Escherichia coli both in the ileum and the cecum (P < 0.001). These results suggest that SDAP may be an alter

关键词： conservation   ecology   evolution   mammalogy   paleomammalogy  

摘要： For nearly a century the fields of mammalogy and paleomammalogy have complemented each other, although the relative influence of one on the other has waxed and waned. The development of new techniques, databases, and information-handling capabilities in the past decades have enhanced the potential for working at the interface between these 2 fields in ways never before possible. This portends an elevated role for mammalogy in the development of ecological and evolutionary theory and serves as a model for merging paleontological and neontological data in other disciplines.

关键词： 药理学   腔上囊活性肽(Bursin)   鸭   免疫器官   免疫组化定位  

摘要： 以抗Bursin单克隆抗体2F9-4,采用免疫组织化学的方法,检测Bursin在鸭初生雏(NH)及1至12周龄免疫器官(腔上囊、胸腺、淋巴结、脾脏和哈德氏腺)中的定位分布.结果表明:Bursin阳性细胞在中枢免疫器官中的分布与显色反应强度跟鸭体本身生长发育分化规律呈阶段相关.尤其在腔上囊滤泡相关上皮(FAE)、FAE支持细胞(FAESC)、滤泡间表面上皮(IFSE)(为单层或假复层上皮)、树突网状上皮细胞(DREC)、皮髓分界上皮(CME)和腔上囊T细胞弥散浸润区(TDIA)等区域,均获得特征性阳性结果.

关键词： 微生物分析   实验室试验   分析   定义   菌落计数技术   测定   葡萄球菌属   饲料   计数方法(微生物学)   营养液   计数   验证   农产品   分析方法   食品   食品检验   试验   凝血酶   菌落计数   微生物   微生物学   调查方法  

标准号: BS EN ISO 6888-3-2003

摘要： This part of ISO 6888 specifies a horizontal method for the enumeration and detection of coagulase-positivestaphylococci, using the most probable number (MPN) technique. It is applicable to???? products intended for human consumption and the feeding of animals, and???? environmental samples in the area of food production and food *** method is recommended for products where staphylococci are expected to be stressed and in lownumbers as, for example, in dried products. Coagulase-positive staphylococci will primarily be Staphylococcusaureus but Staphylococcus intermedius and some strains of Staphylococcus hyicus also produce coagulase.