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关键词： 菌落计数技术   计数方法(微生物学)   生化分析法   微生物分析   葡萄球菌属   琼脂   饲料   血纤维蛋白原   营养液   试验   分析   琼脂法   农产品   凝固酶   实验室间试验   食品检验   实验室试验   微生物学   微生物   测定   食品   分析方法   方法   调查方法   定义   额定值   计数   精密度  

标准号: NF V08-014-2/A1-2003

关键词： 鼠形动物   部分生物学调查   鼠疫   贵州市   疫源地  

摘要： 为查明鼠疫疫源地的鼠形动物种类、组成、分布和季节消长 ,为鼠疫的预防控制提供依据 ,用日夹法和笼捕法捕获野外和住宅内鼠形动物 ,进行分类鉴定 ,用粉迹法和日夹法调查鼠形动物密度。捕获的鼠形动物有 3目 4科 10属2 3种 ,黄胸鼠和褐家鼠为住宅内优势鼠种 ;黄胸鼠为野外优势鼠种 ;住宅内鼠形动物的平均鼠迹阳性率为 72 .62 % ,野外鼠形动物的捕获率为 4.5 4%。黄胸鼠、褐家鼠和锡金小鼠的妊娠率分别为 2 4.2 2 % ,2 8.99%和 2 8.13 %。家栖鼠类是鼠疫预防控制中的主要防制对象 ,药物灭鼠的最适时间在 3月和 11月。

关键词： 微生物分析   定义   测定   水平的   一般条件   细菌纲   计数   食品检验   饲料   试验   微生物学   验证   微生物   方法   试样制备   细菌培养   农产品   细菌计数方法   食品   肠杆菌科  

标准号: NF V08-027-2003

摘要： La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode horizontale pour la recherche des Yersinia enterocolitica présumées pathogènes chez l'homme. La présente Norme internationale est applicable auxproduits pour l'alimentation humaine et animale, et auxéchantillons d'environnement pour la production et la distribution des aliments.

关键词： 动物   寄生虫病   免疫诊断   分子生物学诊断  

摘要： 动物寄生虫病生前诊断技术可分三大类,即病原诊断、免疫诊断和分子生物学诊断技术。[第一段]

关键词： Tubulin   differentiation   Neoplasms   Cytoskeletal Proteins  

摘要： The expression of the cytoskeletal protein class III beta-tubulin isotype is reviewed in the context of human central nervous system development and neoplasia. Compared to systemic organs and tissues, class III beta-tubulin is abundant in the brain, where it is prominently expressed during fetal and postnatal development. As exemplified in cerebellar neurogenesis, the distribution of class III beta-tubulin is neuron associated, exhibiting different temporospatial gradients in the neuronal progeny of the external granule layer versus the neuroepithelial germinal matrix of the velum medullare. However, transient expression of this protein is also present in the telencephalic subventricular zones comprising putative neuronal and/or glial precursor cells. This temporospatially restricted, potentially non-neuronal expression of class III beta-tubulin may have implications in the accurate identification of presumptive neurons derived from transplanted embryonic stem cells. In the adult central nervous system, the distribution of class III beta-tubulin is almost exclusively neuron specific. Altered patterns of expression are noted in brain tumors. In "embryonal"-type neuronal/neuroblastic tumors of the central nervous system, such as the medulloblastomas, class III beta-tubulin expression is associated with neuronal differentiation and decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, the expression of class III beta-tubulin in gliomas is associated with an ascending grade of histologic malignancy and with correspondingly high proliferative indices. Thus, class III beta-tubulin expression in neuronal or neuroblastic tumors is differentiation dependent, whereas in glial tumors, it is aberrant and/or represents "dedifferentiation" associated with the acquisition of glial progenitor-like phenotype(s). From a diagnostic perspective, the detection of class III beta-tubulin immunostaining in neoplastic cells should not be construed as categorical evidence of divergent neuronal differen

关键词： parasite   PCR   diagnosis   human disease   protozoa   molecular biology  

摘要： Molecular biology (and particularly PCR) has been increasingly used for the diagnosis of parasitic protozoa of medical interest. Technical improvements in the past decade include: simplification of DNA extraction, development of automated procedures and of real-time PCR permitting precise quantification of parasitic load. In clinical practice, PCR is routinely used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women and in immuno-compromised patients. It can be useful for the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and to differentiate the pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica from the morphologically identical but non-pathogenic Entamoeba dispar. Its use for malaria remains limited due to high cost. Molecular biology methods facilitate the study of parasitic populations and could be useful to identify possible relationships between a particular genotype and virulence.

关键词： Amphipod   scavenger   biology   life cycle   continental slope   Mediterranean Sea  

摘要： The biology of Scopelocheirus hopei , a deep-sea (500 m) scavenging amphipod that lives on the continental slope of Mediterranean canyons, was studied. Animals were collected using a baited trap. A new method was developed for reproducibly measuring the exact length of the animals. All the categories of individuals were always present in the samples. The emergence of offspring occurs in successive cohorts. Individuals of the two sexes do not grow at the same rate: the males grow more quickly than the females, but their lifespans are shorter. The males are always less numerous than the females. Two production cycles occur. The females produce offspring all year round. The mean fecundity was found to be 218 eggs per female. The growth pattern was modelled. A strong correlation was observed between the length and the weight of the animals collected. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain the results obtained.