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关键词： 动物生物学   实践教学改革   研究性学习   创新能力  

摘要： 在动物生物学实践教学中,通过实施研究性学习方法,对实验教学手段、实验教学内容、实验考核方法和野外实习方案、实习内容和实习考核方法等方面进行教学改革,提高学生综合素质和创新能力.发挥实践教学在创新性人才培养中的积极作用.

标准号: NF V08-202/A1-2009

关键词： 裸大鼠(mu/mu)   裸小鼠   皮下移植:原位移植  

摘要： 为探讨裸小鼠和裸大鼠(rnu/rnu)两种免疫缺陷动物人肝癌皮下移植与原位移植后肿瘤生长和转移等生物学特性的差异,将Huh-7细胞株接种至裸小鼠皮下成瘤后采用组织学完整的组织块移植于裸小鼠和裸大鼠皮下和肝脏,建立皮下和原位移植模型,观察所建立模型的皮下和原位成瘤率、移植瘤生长、侵袭和转移情况,同时进行了病理组织学、超微结构、细胞增殖周期和异倍体的观察。裸大鼠皮下移植瘤模型肿瘤的生长速度远远大于裸小鼠。原位移植瘤模型裸大鼠成瘤率高达95.0%,其肺转移率形成率为50.0%,均高于裸小鼠。此实验证明应用裸大鼠较裸小鼠更适用于建立肝癌的皮下和原位移植模型,为探讨肝癌转移的生物学机制和抗转移治疗提供了理想的动物模型。

关键词： 生物系统学   A-5   针鼹鼠   鸟类   动物科学  

摘要： 动物科学(Animal Science)与生物系统学(Biosystematics)部分共13小题,1分×13=13分。

关键词： Formation of parasite fauna   Salmo salar   Salmo trutta  

摘要： Juveniles of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and trout S. trutta populating the system of the Tornio River (the Baltic Sea basin) are investigated. The obtained parasitological data indicate the absence of rigid spatial and food competition between juvenile salmon and trout in the case of their cohabitation. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： Systems biology   virus infection   mammalian cell   systems biology   Virus Diseases   Mammalian cells  

摘要： Systems biology of virus infection in mammalian cells

关键词： synthetic biology   functional genomic research   drug-synthesis pathway   gene network design   Control apparatus   biological organs   signalling network   synthetic biology   Network design   Gene Regulatory Networks  

摘要： Capitalizing on an era of functional genomic research, systems biology offers a systematic quantitative analysis of existing biological systems thereby providing the molecular inventory of biological parts that are currently being used for rational synthesis and engineering of complex biological systems with novel and potentially useful functions-an emerging discipline known as synthetic biology. During the past decade synthetic biology has rapidly developed from simple control devices fine-tuning the activity of single genes and proteins to multi-gene/protein-based transcription and signaling networks providing new insight into global control and molecular reaction dynamics, thereby enabling the design of novel drug-synthesis pathways as well as genetic devices with unmatched biological functions. While pioneering synthetic devices have first been designed as test, toy, and teaser systems for use in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, first examples of a systematic assembly of synthetic gene networks in mammalian cells has sketched the full potential of synthetic biology: foster novel therapeutic opportunities in gene and cell-based therapies. Here we provide a concise overview on the latest advances in mammalian synthetic biology.

关键词： Bio-ontology   Data standard   Linguistic problem of morphology   Morphology   RDF  

摘要： Due to lack of common data standards, the communicability and comparability of biological data across various levels of organization and taxonomic groups is continuously decreasing. However, the interdependence between molecular and higher levels of organization is of growing interest and calls for co-operations between biologists from different methodological and theoretical backgrounds. A general data standard in biology would greatly facilitate such co-operations. This article examines the role that defined and formalized vocabularies (i.e., ontologies) could have in developing such a data standard. I suggest basic criteria for developing data standards on grounds of distinguishing content, concept, nomenclatural, and format standards and discuss the role of data bases and their use of bio-ontologies in current activities for data standardization in biology. General principles of ontology development are introduced, including foundational ontology properties (e.g. class-subclass, parthood), and how concepts are defined. After addressing problems that are specific to morphological data, the notion of a general structure concept for morphology is introduced and why it is required for developing a morphological ontology. The necessity for a general morphological ontology to be taxon-independent and free of homology assumptions is discussed and how it can solve the problems of morphology. The article concludes with an outlook on how the use of ontologies will likely establish some sort of general data standard in biology and why the development of a set of commonly used foundational ontology properties and the use of globally unique identifiers for all classes defined in ontologies is crucial for its success.

关键词： LAND capability for agriculture   NONFICTION  

摘要： The article reviews the book 'Rangeland and Animal Production in Arid Lands: A State of Knowledge, as of 2006,' by Henri Noël Le Houérou.

关键词： Science  

摘要： The article reports on the association between the size of flighted birds and their feather maintenance. Results of a research conducted by Sievert Rohwer at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington show that the body mass of flighted birds is directly proportional to its feather maintenance. The information signifies that replacement of feathers limit the maximum size of birds.