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关键词： 女山湖   底栖动物   群落结构   水质  

摘要： 2009年4～10月,在女山湖荷花湖区、大湖面湖区和焦成圩湖区3个断面9个采样点进行采样,对女山湖底栖动物的群落特征和生物多样性进行了调查,共采集到底栖动物34种,其中寡毛类5种,多毛类1种,蛭类2种,水生昆虫7种,软体动物19种。寡毛类中的颤蚓(Tubifex sp.)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi),水生昆虫中的前突摇蚊(Procladius)为底栖动物中的代表种类;中华园田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)、纹沼螺(Parafossarulus stritula)和淡水壳菜(Limnoperna lacustris)为软体动物代表种类。底栖动物的合计平均密度为517.4个/m2,合计平均生物量为188.2g/m2。在各类群中,软体动物、寡毛类和水生昆虫的生物量位于前三位。利用Shannon-Wiener指数法和生物指数法对女山湖水体污染状况进行了分析,二者的分析结果稍有差异。所有采样点底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener指数变化在2.25～2.38之间,3个断面采样点的水质都为轻度污染;所有采样点底栖动物的生物指数变化在6.4～7.6之间,大湖面湖区断面采样点的水质清洁,荷花湖区断面和焦成圩湖区断面采样点的水质为轻度污染。

关键词： 大型底栖动物   群落特征   生物评价   东湖水网区  

摘要： 2008年4-9月间三次对武汉东湖水网区15个水体的底栖动物进行调查,共采集到大型底栖动物50种,隶属于16科41属,其中严东湖底栖动物种数最多,有28种;北湖、青潭湖和杨春湖仅2—3种,其他水体介于以上两者之间。定量分析表明,在超富营养及富营养湖泊中,优势类群均为寡毛类和水生昆虫摇蚊科种类,只是所占比例有所差异;中营养湖泊严东湖,密度上水生昆虫占优势,为总量的59.1%,生物量上软体动物占优势,为总量的96.4%;青山港中,密度上寡毛类占优势,为总量的63.6%,生物量上软体动物占绝对优势,为总量的99.1%。采用Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H)、Goodnight-Whitley指数(GI)及Biotic Index生物指数(BI)对东湖水网区水体及武汉周边的南北咀、肖四海的水质进行评价,结果显示BI的评价结果与湖泊现实情况基本相符,推荐Biotic Index生物指数作为东湖水网区底栖动物生物评价的指标。

关键词： Cordilleran foreland basin   nonmarine Early Cretaceous   Ostracoda   biostratigraphy   chronostratigraphy   early Mammalia  

摘要： The timespan represented by the hiatus between nonmarine Upper Jurassic (Early Berriasian?) and unconformably overlying Lower Cretaceous deposits throughout the North American Western Interior foreland basin has been under discussion for the entire 20th century and remains controversial to date. Ongoing research in revision of Early Cretaceous nonmarine ostracods of some respective North American formations leads to a breakthrough concerning the verification of their biostratigraphic utility as well as their subsequent application. These ostracods are not as endemic as hitherto believed and can be used for supraregional and regional correlation, as well as improvement of the age determination of North American units. New results strongly suggest a maximum age of Late Berriasian to Valanginian (similar to 142-138 Ma) for the lower part of the Lakota (Black Hills area, South Dakota) and Cedar Mountain (Utah) formations. A pre-Aptian maximum age for the Lakota Formation is supported by early mammals. These biostratigraphic results affect the correlatable formations as well, and therefore have broad implications on basin-related geologic and paleontologic topics that are overviewed and discussed herein. The central issue hampering an integrated synthesis of the foreland basin is its yet imprecise chronostratigraphic framework and documentation. Temporal relationships between the gologic processes of the basin and their control factors are still insufficiently calibrated or controversial. Detailed ongoing revision of North American Early Cretaceous nonmarine ostracods demonstrates their applicability, utility, and further potential as tool for improvement of the chronostratigraphy of the Western Interior foreland basin at both small and large scales. These ostracods also foster understanding of animal (e.g. early mammals and dinosaurs) and plant (angiosperms) evolution on the North American continent and show promise of providing age determinations for single-sample hori

关键词： biological control   population dynamics   Scymninae   Scymnini  

摘要： Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is considered as one of the most important natural biological control agents of the ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Iran. In the current survey, the development, survival, longevity, fecundity, feeding behaviour, and population dynamics of the predator under laboratory and field conditions were studied. The longevity of female insects was significantly longer than that of males. Total feeding of 4(th) larval instars and females was significantly higher than males and other larval instars. The overall mortality rate from egg to adult under laboratory conditions was 22.7% while under field conditions it was 38.2%. Copulation lasted approximately 67 minutes while the average pre-mating and pre-oviposition times recorded were 3.8 and 1.8 days, respectively. The mean number of eggs laid by each female was 181. The adults could survive starvation for 4 days with a normal longevity of 62-73 days. The maximum population density of the predator was recorded in late August that coincided with the decline of the S. phillyreae population. C. arcuatus had four generations per year, and the adults were observed until mid December. Possible application of C. arcuatus for biological control of S. phillyreae in integrated pest management programs is discussed.

关键词： Animal physiology   Visual system  

摘要： The article reports on the results of a study, conducted by the researchers of Macquarie University in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) led by Daniel Zurek, which investigates the visual capacity of 52 jumping spiders or Servaea vestita.

关键词： IL-18   细胞因子   生物活性  

摘要： 白细胞介素18(IL-18)是一种能诱导IFN-γ产生的新型细胞因子。它具有多种生物学功能,能诱导Th1细胞和自然杀伤细胞产生干扰素γ,促进T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞表达FasL,有较强的抗肿瘤和抗微生物感染的作用。

关键词： 国际动物学会   整合动物学   气候变化   全球变化   学科前沿   中国香港   生物入侵   Jeffrey   农业研究  

摘要： 全球变化是当今世界重大课题,被国际上多个科学计划列为新世纪学科前沿。国际动物学会会刊《Integrative Zoology(整合动物学)》特邀请欧洲科学院院士、奥斯陆大学生态进化中心主任、

关键词： 动物生物学   实验   教学   科研  

摘要： 动物生物学实验教学可以有效提高学生的实验技能,加深对书本理论知识的理解。而传统的基础实验教学由于受学时和实验条件的制约,所开设的实验相互间的关联性不大,缺乏系统性,实验效果不够理想。将科研项目中的研究内容与设计性实验教学结合起来,选取科研项目中的研究对象为实验材料,把科研内容设计成一系列的动物生物学实验,可以激发学生学习兴趣,增强动手能力,培育创新意识和创新能力、掌握科学研究方法等,为日后独立开展科研工作奠定基础。

关键词： .Vertebrate Genomes   gnathostomes  

摘要： The jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hagfish) are the closest extant outgroups to all jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and can therefore provide critical insight into the evolution and basic biology of vertebrate genomes. As such, it is notable that the genomes of lamprey and hagfish posses a capacity for rearrangement that is beyond anything known from the gnathostomes. Like the jawed vertebrates, lamprey and hagfish undergo rearrangement of adaptive immune receptors. However, the receptors and the mechanisms for rearrangement that are utilized by jawless vertebrates clearly evolved independently of the gnathostome system. Unlike the jawed vertebrates, lamprey and hagfish also undergo extensive programmed rearrangements of the genome during embryonic development. By considering these fascinating genome biologies in the context of proposed (albeit contentious) phylogenetic relationships among lamprey, hagfish, and gnathostomes, we can begin to understand the evolutionary history of the vertebrate genome. Specifically, the deep shared ancestry and rapid divergence of lampreys, hagfish and gnathostomes is considered evidence that the two versions of programmed rearrangement present in lamprey and hagfish (embryonic and immune receptor) were present in an ancestral lineage that existed more than 400 million years ago and perhaps included the ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Validating this premise will require better characterization of the genome sequence and mechanisms of rearrangement in lamprey and hagfish.