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关键词： FOREGUT   MARSUPIALS   RED kangaroo   RUMINANTS   LAND management   ECOPHYSIOLOGY   FEEDS   ERRATA  

关键词： 时间生物学   生物钟   代谢   营养  

摘要： 时间生物学主要是研究生物体内生理和行为的时间机制的学科,而这种机制主要是由生物钟调控的。研究表明,营养代谢的各个方面如葡萄糖转运、糖原异生、脂质合成及降解、氧化磷酸化等作用都受到生物钟核心转录机制的调控,并具有时间敏感性;相反,代谢信号也可以反馈调节生物钟系统,包括生物钟基因表达和行为活动。生物钟的紊乱会造成诸如心血管疾病、肥胖、糖尿病等多种疾病。本文从代谢与生物钟的相互关系、各类营养信号和营养素对生物钟的作用以及生物钟与营养代谢相关疾病的关系等多方面综述了哺乳动物营养代谢的时间生物学研究进展。

关键词： 多媒体技术   动物微生物学   多媒体课件  

摘要： 多媒体技术辅助教学是一种新型的教学方式之一。多媒体教学克服了传统的动物微生物学教学可视化差、形象不够直观等缺点。但全课堂多媒体教学则会扼杀教师教学中的即兴创造,成为典型的电脑"满堂灌",所以多媒体课件的制作应符合教学规律。片面强调声形兼备,会导致许多环节与课堂脱节。教学中应目的明确、化难为易,探索其固有教学规律,努力做到教和学两方面互相影响和促进,都得到提高。

关键词： 动物生物学   动物行为学   教学效果  

摘要： 动物生物学是生物科学和生物技术专业基础课程,知识点多、范围广、发展快,但教材内容相对陈旧,成为动物学教学过程顺利实施和提高学生学习动物学课程兴趣的阻碍,为此,本课程组以动物的系统进化为基础,在讲解动物形态学知识的前提下适当补充动物行为学的知识,既拓宽了动物学的内容,又培养了学生的学习兴趣,收到良好的效果。

关键词： 大型底栖动物   群落结构   物种多样性  

摘要： 2009年6、11月和2010年4月共3个水情期(即丰、枯和平水期)对赣江流域一级支流袁河底栖动物群落结构进行了调查。结果表明袁河流域底栖动物17种,隶属于3门5纲12科,其中寡毛类4种,蛭类1种,腹足类5种,瓣鳃类4种,水生昆虫类3种。袁河底栖动物3期总密度和总生物量分别为1 762.29 ind./m2和982.37 g/m2,密度上摇蚊占优势,生物量上铜锈环棱螺占优势。不同水情期现存量也存在差异,平水期的密度和生物量均比丰水期、枯水期的大;丰水期的密度比枯水期的大,而生物量却比枯水期的小。袁河底栖动物优势种为摇蚊、铜锈环棱螺、河蚬和方格短沟蜷。Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数表明袁河底栖动物多样性存在季节性变化,且下游多样性比上中游复杂;Shannon-Wiener指数和FBI指数的结果表明袁河水质已受到不同程度污染。

关键词： 饲料   特征   培养基   食品   说明书   实验室   实验室实践   微生物分析   微生物学   准备   生产   特性   质量   质量保证   质量控制   规格试验   术语学  

标准号: ISO/TS 11133-2 AMD 1-2011

摘要： Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media. Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media; Amendment 1: Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media

关键词： NATURAL immunity   IMMUNE system   PERTURBATION (Mathematics)   SYSTEMS biology   CELL physiology   EXPERIMENTAL design   IMMUNOLOGY  

摘要： Advances in experimental tools have allowed for the systematic identification of components and biological processes as well as quantification of their activities over time. Together with computational analysis, these measurement and perturbation technologies have given rise to the field of systems biology, which seeks to discover, analyze and model the interactions of physical components in a biological system. Although in its infancy, recent application of this approach has resulted in novel insights into the machinery that regulates and modifies innate immune cell functions. Here, we summarize contributions that have been made through the unbiased interrogation of the mammalian innate immune system, emphasizing the importance of integrating orthogonal datasets into models. To enable application of approaches more broadly, however, a concerted effort across the immunology community to develop reagent and tool platforms will be required.

关键词： Naked mole-rats   Eusociality   Hormones   Neural plasticity   Hypoxia tolerance   Aging  

摘要： Animals that have evolved exceptional capabilities, such as extraordinary longevity may reveal pertinent and potentially critical insights into biomedical research that are not readily apparent in standard laboratory animals. Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber;NMRs) are extremely long-lived (30 years) mouse-sized rodents. They clearly have evolved superior anti-aging mechanisms as evident by the markedly attenuated age-related decline in physiological function, sustained reproductive capacity and pronounced cancer resistance throughout their long-lives. These eusocial rodents, like the social insects, live in colonies with breeding restricted to one female and a few males. Subordinates are sexually monomorphic, yet retain the ability to become breeders, and can undergo growth surges and neural modifications at any time throughout their life. This plasticity in physiological and behavioral aspects may have contributed to their long-lives. Naked mole-rats show numerous adaptations to life underground including extreme tolerance of hypoxia, acid insensitivity, as well as independence of photoendocrine systems. Here we review what is known about their unique social structure, sensory systems, endocrinology and neurobiology, and highlight areas that may be pertinent to biogerontology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： PREMATURE ejaculation   NEUROBIOLOGY   ANIMAL experimentation   SEXUAL behavior in animals   SEXUAL excitement   SEXUAL disorders   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY -- Research   DATA analysis  

摘要： In the last two decades an increasing number of sexual behavioral studies in laboratory animals has contributed to a better understanding of the neural basis of ejaculatory functioning. In addition, these studies, which mainly involved male and female Wistar rats, elucidated basic mechanisms that underly the psychopharmacology of SSRI-induced ejaculation delay. Notably, a new animal model for premature and retarded ejaculation has been developed. This model has been shown to be of eminent importance for the investigation of ejaculatory disorders. Moreover, it has been proven useful into the investigation of female rat sexual motivation. Translational research translates findings of animal research into human application. Indeed, objective and systematic psychopharmacological research in men with lifelong premature ejaculation yields a remarkable similarity with data that have been found in animals. Sofar, animal research of premature ejaculation remarkably predicts data in men with lifelong PE, on the condition that clinical human research was performed according to evidence based research principles.

关键词： 动物性食品   材质鉴定   PCR扩增   COⅠ基因  

摘要： 【目的】建立一种快速、高效、准确的动物源性食品材质的鉴定方法。【方法】采用PCR方法扩增猪、羊、牛动物组织mtDNA的COⅠ基因,对PCR扩增片段进行测序并构建系统发生树;以HinfⅠ酶为内切酶,对3种样品的COⅠ基因进行聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析。【结果】对测序结果进行多重序列比对发现,猪、羊、牛COⅠ基因的碱基差异为19.0%-25.9%,物种内的碱基差异仅为0.1%-1.6%。猪、羊、牛COⅠ基因PCR扩增片段经HinfⅠ酶切后的长度依次为40,411,449 bp;144,376,381 bp和46,377,479 bp,限制性片段长度具有物种特异性。【结论】COⅠ基因的序列及PCR-RFLP分析,可用于猪、牛、羊动物源性食品的材质鉴定。