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关键词： 动物微生物   综合设计性实验   教学改革  

摘要： 从高职动物微生物学综合设计性实验的课程定位、教学内容设置、教学方式、考核方法等方面进行了改革。改革的实施,提高了学生运用所学理论知识分析和解决实际问题的能力,同时也增强了学生学习的兴趣和主动性。

关键词： 病原生物学   动物疫病   学科群   兰州兽医研究所   中国农业科学院   重点实验室   农业部   科技局  

摘要： 本刊辑：据兰州兽医研究所网站2011年12月13日报道，农业部动物疫病病原生物学“学科群”建设工作启动会于2011年12月10日在中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所举行。中国农业科学院科技局陆建忠副局长代表农业部重点实验室领导小组介绍了农业部启动学科群建设工作的背景情况．传达了学科群建设近期工作的安排，代表农科院对学科群的建设提出了具体要求。

关键词： 大蒜素   生物活性   应用  

摘要： 大蒜素能增强饲料适口性,促进动物生长发育,抑菌杀菌、提高机体免疫力,作为一种绿色添加剂已广泛应用于动物生产中。文章主要概述了大蒜素的生物活性及其在动物生产中的应用。

关键词： Amphipods   association   Barents Sea   infestation indices   Ischyrocerus commensalis   Paralithodes camtschaticus   reproduction  

摘要： Population biology of the amphipod Ischyrocerus commensalis Chevreux, 1900, a facultative commensal of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), is here described on samples collected during summers 2005-2009 in Dalnezelenetskaya Bay (Southern Barents Sea, Russia). The studied features included infestation indices, size composition, morphometric, and reproductive parameters of the summer generation. During the studied period, prevalence and mean number of I. commensalis per host were 34.4% and 54.4 +/- 3.3 individuals, respectively. The majority of amphipods were found on the host mouth parts, limbs, and gills. The amphipod sex-ratio was significantly biased towards females (F: M = 1.36: 1). The size frequency distributions observed in July and August were similar but in July the proportion of the smallest amphipods (< 2.1 mm body length) was two times higher than that in August. All the amphipods with body length > 5.1 mm were males or females. Length-weight relationships in female and male amphipods differed significantly, suggesting that females were heavier than the same-sized males. The females carrying eggs in their brood pouches were the most abundant groups (54.8% in July 2009 and 51.6% in August 2005-2008). The minimal body length of a female which had released juveniles was 7.0 mm in July and 6.2 mm in August. The size at 50% maturity of I. commensalis females was estimated to be 6.58 mm. The number of eggs laid is positively linearly correlated with the size of a female. The proportion of the females with eggs in the latest developmental stage in July was 10 times higher than in August. The differences of biological features in symbiotic amphipods between the July and August may be explained by more intensive reproduction effort in the earlier month.

关键词： Molt cycle   Oogenesis   Spermatogenesis   Fertilization   Endocrine-disrupting chemicals  

摘要： The reproductive biology of amphipods is reviewed to update the knowledge of the male and female reproductive processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis as well as the endocrine systems of amphipods with the aim of advancing studies of reproductive toxicology. The ovarian and reproduction cycles of female gammaridean amphipods are closely correlated with the molt cycle, which is under direct control by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. The ability of males to copulate and subsequently for females to ovulate is restricted to the early postmolt period of the females. New developments in our understanding of the molt cycle and the endocrine regulatory pathways for reproduction using genomics techniques on other crustacean species are also discussed. The arthropod sterol ponasterone A or xenobiotics such as the fungicide fenarimol have been shown to elicit endocrine disruption in some crustaceans by acting as an agonist for 20-hydroxyecdysone at the ecdysone receptor or by inhibiting the synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone, respectively, resulting in disruption of molting and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that cadmium can inhibit secondary vitellogenesis in amphipods. Experimental approaches for examining the metabolic pathways associated with ecdysteroid hormonal signaling or metabolism, exoskeleton maintenance and molting, and the regulation of vitellogenin in amphipods are discussed. This information should aid in the identification of useful biomarkers for reproductive toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2647-2657. (C) 2011 SETAC

摘要： Abstract 2850 Background:Upon encountering cognate antigen, naïve B cells may undergo germinal center reaction. This results in DNA modification including somatic hypermutations (HSM) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV) and immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). HSM and CSR are unlinked, but share initiating and mechanistic factors. Prior evidence indicates CLL B cells are antigen experienced; however, half of all CLL patients have an unmutated IGHV and follow more aggressive clinical courses. The biologic importance of the CLL immunoglobulin isotype and CSR in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling is not well understood. We hypothesized the immunoglobulin isotype and expression density of surface immunoglobulin would correlate with IGHV mutation status and other clinical parameters, and predict BCR responsiveness in vitro. Methods:195 samples from our CLL specimen repository with detailed clinical and biologic characterization were evaluated. Surface expression of IgD, IgM and IgG was determined using multi-parameter flow cytometry and samples were classified as either IgG+ or IgM+IgD+ co-expressing. An ROC analysis was performed to identify the most discriminate value for dichotomization of IgM surface expression as a function of IGHV mutation status. IgMhiIgD+, and IgMlowIgD+ patients were then analyzed for associations with clinical and biologic parameters. To investigate the biological mechanisms of potential associations, BCR-mediated signaling after isotype specific crosslinking in vitro was measured by quantification of downstream phospho-proteins (SYK, AKT, ERK, MEK1, NFκB) by flow cytometry (phospho-flow). Samples were crosslinked with IgM (or IgG if IgG+), IgD, and isotype control and incubated for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The extent of phosphorylation at each timepoint was expressed as mean fluorointensity (MFI) of the examined proteins. Crosslinked samples were also analyzed using oligonucleotide microar

关键词： mammalian cortical granules   oocytes   fertilization   exocytosis   SNARE proteins   calcium   cortical granule free domains   pre-fertilization release   heterogeneity  

摘要： Cortical granules are membrane bound organelles located in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules undergo exocytosis to release their contents into the perivitelline space. This secretory process, which is calcium dependent and SNARE protein-mediated pathway, is known as the cortical reaction. After exocytosis, the released cortical granule proteins are responsible for blocking polyspermy by modifying the oocytes' extracellular matrices, such as the zona pellucida in mammals. Mammalian cortical granules range in size from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter and different from most other regulatory secretory organelles in that they are not renewed once released. These granules are only synthesized in female germ cells and transform an egg upon sperm entry;therefore, this unique cellular structure has inherent interest for our understanding of the biology of fertilization. Cortical granules are long thought to be static and awaiting in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes to be stimulated undergoing exocytosis upon gamete fusion. Not till recently, the dynamic nature of cortical granules is appreciated and understood. The latest studies of mammalian cortical granules document that this organelle is not only biochemically heterogeneous, but also displays complex distribution during oocyte development. Interestingly, some cortical granules undergo exocytosis prior to fertilization;and a number of granule components function beyond the time of fertilization in regulating embryonic cleavage and preimplantation development, demonstrating their functional significance in fertilization as well as early embryonic development. The following review will present studies that investigate the biology of cortical granules and will also discuss new findings that uncover the dynamic aspect of this organelle in mammals.

标准号: NF V08-010-4/A1-2011

关键词： 沿海医学院校   动物生物学   教学探索  

摘要： 动物生物学是揭示动物生命活动规律的科学。作为生物技术专业本科学生最早接触到的主干课程之一,动物生物学的教学对学生了解生物学的基本概念和基础知识、构建生命科学的知识体系和思维方式、培养和巩固专业兴趣十分重要。本文从教材建设、理论教学、实践教学、教学方法和评价方式等方面探索在沿海医学院校生物技术专业动物生物学课程教学中的改革与实践。

关键词： 分子生物学方法   动物病毒   拦截   家畜疾病   家禽  

摘要： 在过去的十几年中,刘爵最主要的工作就是跟家禽、家畜疾病"打交道",具体来说,就是运用先进的分子生物学方法找出对抗动物病毒的途径。在猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒感染、鸡传染性法氏囊病和禽脑脊髓炎等动物疾病研究方面取得突出成绩,多项原创性成果在国际权威病毒学刊物《Journal of Virology》、《Virology》刊发。