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关键词： 动物生理   解剖学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   生物学   突触后电位   国际   神经末梢  

摘要： 动物生理和解剖学 1．如下图中的左图所示，神经元N直接接收来自于2个独立神经末端a和c的信号。神经末梢b通过突触与神经末梢a相连。右图表示神经元N接收到来自于3个突触前末端的信号后所产生的各种突触后电位。

关键词： 刺猬   生物学特性   开发利用  

摘要： 初步研究了药用动物刺猬的生物学特性、经济价值和养殖管理技术,可为该动物的开发利用和人工养殖提供科学依据。

关键词： 实验动物科学   比较医学   上海   动物实验技术   实验动物医学   动物生物学   学术刊物   科技领域  

摘要： 本刊系实验动物科技领域的专业性学术刊物，兼顾普及与提高，刊登实验动物和比较医学领域的研究论文，内容主要包括人类疾病动物模型、动物实验技术、动物生物学、实验动物医学、

关键词： Behavior   Budorcas taxicolor tibetana   Non-invasive methods   Reproduction   Sichuan takin  

摘要： The Sichuan takin (takin;Budorcas taxicolor tibetana) is distributed in the Gansu and Sichuan providences of southern China and along eastern Tibet. Because of their ecology, few data on takin reproductive biology exist, with the exception of its mating season in the Sichuan province, which occurs from July through August. Therefore, the objectives were to: 1) characterize reproductive hormones in zoo-housed male and female takin, including pregnancy in the female, using non-invasive fecal steroid hormonal monitoring;2) characterize behaviors of zoo-housed takin, emphasizing reproductive behaviors and activity budget;and 3) assess the influence of season on births in North America and reproductive hormonal and behavioral activity. Fecal samples were collected 3 to 5 times per week from two adult males and three adult females. Extracted hormones were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay for progestagen and androgen concentrations. Behavioral observations were collected for 2 yrs using an ethogram. In this study, season affected reproduction, specifically birth occurrences, reproductive cyclicity in females and androgen production in males. The duration of the estrous cycle was approximately 35 d and cycles occurred June through December. Androgen concentrations peaked in May through August. Season did not influence behavior;however, age and sex may affect some behaviors, including activity level, foraging and drinking, social affiliative behavior, and visibility from the visitor's viewpoint. In conclusion, fecal hormonal and behavioral analyses can provide information for management and conservation of this herd species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： CRYOBIOLOGY   REPRODUCTIVE technology   GENE libraries   GENE frequency   ANIMAL germplasm resources   SPERMATOZOA   GERM cells  

摘要： Many local breeds are currently at risk because of replacement by a limited number of specialized commercial breeds. Concurrently, for many breeds, allelic diversity within breeds declines because of inbreeding. Gene banking of germplasm may serve to secure the breeds and the alleles for any future use, for instance to recover a lost breed, to address new breeding goals, to support breeding schemes in small populations to minimize inbreeding, and for conservation genetics and genomics research. Developments in cryobiology and reproductive technology have generated several possibilities for preserving germplasm in farm animals. Furthermore, in some mammalian and bird species, gene banking of material is difficult or impossible, requiring development of new alternative methods or improvement of existing methods. Depending on the species, there are interesting possibilities or research developments in the use of epididymal spermatozoa, oocytes and embryos, ovarian and testicular tissue, primordial germ cells, and somatic cells for the conservation of genetic diversity in farm-and other animal species. Rapid developments in genomics research also provide new opportunities to optimize conservation and sampling strategies and to characterize genome-wide genetic variation. With regard to gene banks for farm animals, collaboration between European countries is being developed through a number of organizations, aimed at sharing knowledge and expertise between national programmes. It would be useful to explore further collaboration between countries, within the framework of a European gene banking strategy that should minimize costs of conservation and maximize opportunities for exploitation and sustainable use of genetic diversity.

关键词： Henipavirus   Nipah virus   Hendra virus   Animal models  

摘要： Nipah and Hendra virus are members of a newly identified genus of emerging paramyxoviruses, the henipaviruses. Both viruses have the ability to cause severe pulmonary infection and severe acute encephalitis. Following their discovery in the 1990s, outbreaks caused by these zoonotic paramyxoviruses have been associated with high public health and especially economic threat potential. Currently, only geographic groupings in Asia and Australia have been described for the henipaviruses. However, while few viral isolates are available and more detailed characterization is necessary, there has been recent evidence that divergent henipaviruses might be present on the African continent. This review endeavours to capture recent advances in the field of henipavirus research, with a focus on genome structure and replication mechanisms, reservoir hosts, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and animal models. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： microRNA   作用机制   组织表达  

摘要： microRNA是一类长18～24核苷酸的短序列非编码RNA,通过抑制目的mRNA的翻译或降解,负性调控转录后基因表达。microRNA参与调控细胞增殖、死亡、神经分化、免疫调控和疾病发生等生物学过程,影响着动物的生长、发育及抗病能力。针对microRNA的特点、调控机制、分析方法及在动物肌肉和脂肪组织中的最新研究进行了综述,为利用microRNA技术对动物肌肉与脂肪相关疾病的诊断、治疗提供新的思路。

关键词： 动物生物学   野外实习   教学改革  

摘要： 动物生物学野外实习是动物生物学教学的重要组成部分.随着人们对生物资源和环境保护意识的提高以及高校课程改革的发展,根据学院的自身条件和绍兴的地理特点,通过多年努力对动物生物学野外实习教学进行了一系列改革与实践,并取得了比较好的成效.

关键词： 高三生物学单元复习   动物生命活动的调节   重要概念  

摘要： 提供了高三生物学单元复习课——"动物生命活动的调节"的复习策略。主张在本单元复习的启始课上,站在学科观点的高度,紧密围绕单元重要概念设计综合性问题。学生在共同讨论解决问题的过程中暴露错误概念并与以澄清。高三复习从整体到局部自上而下地帮助学生建立概念体系,有助于概念原理的识记与应用。同时,由于从学科观点和核心、重要概念出发,使得复习的角度发生变化,给学生以新鲜感。

关键词： Cell adhesion   Development   Signalling pathways   Nerve and muscle   Epithelia   Cnidaria   Amphimedon   Schmidtea  

摘要： This review of schistosome cell biology has a dual purpose;its intent is to alert two separate research communities to the activities of the other. Schistosomes are by far and away the best-characterised platyhelminths, due to their medical and economic importance, but seem to be almost totally ignored by researchers on the free-living lower metazoans. Equally, in their enthusiasm for the parasitic way of life, schistosome researchers seldom pay attention to the work on free-living animals that could inform their molecular investigations. The publication of transcriptomes and/or genomes for Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum, the sponge Archimedon, the cnidarians Nematostella and Hydra and the planarian Schmidtea provide the raw material for comparisons. Apart from interrogation of the databases for molecular similarities, there have been differences in technical approach to these lower metazoans;widespread application of whole mount in situ hybridisation to Schmidtea contrasts with the application of targeted proteomics to schistosomes. Using schistosome cell biology as the template, the key topics of cell adhesion, development, signalling pathways, nerve and muscle, and epithelia, are reviewed, where possible interspersing comparisons with the sponge, cnidarian and planarian data. The biggest jump in the evolution of cellular capabilities appears to be in the transition from a diploblast to triploblast level of organisation associated with development of a mobile and plastic body form.