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关键词： population dynamics   ecological stoichiometry   mate choice   sexual selection   eutrophication  

摘要： Eutrophication caused by anthropogenic activity has had tremendous impacts on aquatic ecosystems across the world. A primary cause of this eutrophication is increased phosphorus run-off into water bodies, resulting in alterations to the quantity and quality of food available for consumers. Previous studies have shown that large differences in the availability of phosphorus affect the expression of traits and mating biology at the individual level. In the present study, we manipulated the supply of phosphate, which altered the quantity and quality of food (e.g. periphyton) available to consumers, and documented the population-level responses of Hyalella amphipods. We also performed a mating experiment to examine the effects of the availability of phosphorus during development on the expression of sexual traits, as well as phosphorus availability during mating on mating behaviour. The results obtained indicate that subtle variation in the availability of phosphorus has no effect on population density or sex ratio. The amount of phosphorus available during development and phosphorus available during mating, however, did affect mating behaviour. Furthermore, the patterns in mating behaviour observed were not attributable to phosphorus-induced changes in sexually selected traits. The present study indicates that subtle changes in the availability of phosphorus can affect mating biology, possibly as a result of physiological or behavioural changes, although such effects may not necessarily be mediated by differential expression of sexually selected traits. (c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 111, 878-888.

关键词： Biological control   Phytoseiidae   Tetranychus urticae   Cold tolerance   Establishment potential  

摘要： Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a specialist predator of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and has been used to control the pest in its native range: Mediterranean regions, the tropics and Florida, USA. This study investigates the thermal biology as a proxy for establishment potential of glasshouse escapees in cooler northern European climates, using a combination of laboratory and field trials. High mortality rates at 10 A degrees C indicated limited acclimation ability. Mites displayed continuous oviposition in conditions that have previously been shown to induce a hiatus in other phytoseiid species, supporting previous findings that Phytoseiulus is a genus with no diapause state. Adult P. macropilis supercooled to between -17.2 and -24.0 A degrees C, but the lower lethal temperature(50) was -5.7 A degrees C, resulting in a high level of pre-freeze mortality. The lethal time(50) at 5 A degrees C was 2.6 days, and maximum survival in winter field trials across 2010 and 2011 was 21 days. The thermal biology data indicate that P. macropilis is unlikely to establish in northern Europe, and will therefore make a suitable glasshouse biological control agent in temperate climates.

关键词： CONSERVATION biology   RESEARCH   CARNIVOROUS animals  

摘要： The article focuses on a research on conservation of 500 species of carnivores and ungulates for past 40 years, published in the periodical 'Conservation Biology' by Moreno Di Marco at Sapienza University of Rome and his colleagues.

关键词： 同伴主导   小组讨论模式   动物分子生物学   教学   能力培养  

摘要： 同伴主导的小组讨论模式作为一种全新的教学方法,在完成动物分子生物学课程任务过程中被采用,通过骨干挑选与培训、适当的素材、合理的组织安排等关键环节,在同伴主导的研讨会中推动学生主动学习,激发学习兴趣,提高学习效率,完成学生能力的提升。

关键词： 大型底栖动物   群落结构   军山湖   物种多样性  

摘要： 于2012年8月、11月以及2013年4月对军山湖大型底栖动物群落进行了3次调查,并且利用了Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数对其水质进行了生物学评价。10个采样点中,共鉴定出大型底栖动物12种,其中:环节动物们4种,软体动物门5种,摇蚊幼虫3种。寡鳃齿吻沙蚕、半折摇蚊、河蚬以及洞穴丽蚌是现阶段军山湖底栖动物的优势种。全湖底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为362.7 ind./m2和91.09 g/m2。不同水情现存量也存在差异,平水期的密度和生物量均比丰水期、枯水期的大;枯水期的密度比丰水期大,而生物量且比丰水期小。3种指数评价结果都表明军山湖整体水质处于重污染状态。

关键词： 分子生物学   基因表达   动物营养  

摘要： 分子生物学技术的发展与应用已渗透到生命科学的各个领域,动物营养学的发展需要在分子水平上分析并作出相应的解释。本文综述了分子营养的概念、营养与基因表达调控的关系、分子生物学技术在动物营养中的应用,并就其发展前景进行展望。

关键词： 国家重点实验室   特种经济动物   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   优异种质资源   生物学特性   基因组学  

摘要： 总体定位 特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建国家重点实验室紧紧围绕国家重大需求和国际动物学科发展的方向与前沿研究领域，重点开展特种经济动物优异种质资源基因组学、特种经济动物分子育种学、特种经济动物分子调控、特种经济动物组织细胞工程、特种经济动物特有的生物学特性等研究，

关键词： PROTOZOA   NONFICTION  

关键词： Enterococcus   innate immunity   Caenorhabditis elegans   Galleria mellonella  

摘要： The enterococci are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of many metazoans, from insects to humans. While they normally do not cause disease in the intestine, they can become pathogenic when they infect sites outside of the gut. Recently, the enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens, with the majority of human enterococcal infections caused by two species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Studies using invertebrate infection models have revealed insights into the biology of enterococcal infections, as well as general principles underlying host innate immune defense. This review highlights recent findings on Enterococcus infection biology from two invertebrate infection models, the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella and the free-living bacteriovorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

关键词： CEPHALOPODA  

摘要： In 1985, during a meeting of the rst executive committee of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC), professor Gilbert L. Voss told me that it would be very interesting to organize one of the triennial symposia of this organization in some Latin American county, and I set to work. It took over 25 years for that dream to come true. Between 27th October and 2nd November, 2012, this CIAC symposium was nally held in Florianpolis (Brazil). In my view, there are two main reasons for the success of this event: (1) the enthusiasm and the excellent work done by the Organizing Committee and (2) the increasing number of Latin American researchers engaged in Teuthology.