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关键词： biodiversity   conservation actions   habitat loss   life history   random forest model   threats  

摘要： Although conservation intervention has reversed the decline of some species, our success is outweighed by a much larger number of species moving towards extinction. Extinction risk modelling can identify correlates of risk and species not yet recognized to be threatened. Here, we use machine learning models to identify correlates of extinction risk in African terrestrial mammals using a set of variables belonging to four classes: species distribution state, human pressures, conservation response and species biology. We derived information on distribution state and human pressure from satellite-borne imagery. Variables in all four classes were identified as important predictors of extinction risk, and interactions were observed among variables in different classes (e.g. level of protection, human threats, species distribution ranges). Species biology had a key role in mediating the effect of external variables. The model was 90% accurate in classifying extinction risk status of species, but in a few cases the observed and modelled extinction risk mismatched. Species in this condition might suffer from an incorrect classification of extinction risk (hence require reassessment). An increased availability of satellite imagery combined with improved resolution and classification accuracy of the resulting maps will play a progressively greater role in conservation monitoring.

关键词： Evolutionary biology   Morphological variation   Phenotype   Semantic integration   Bio-ontology  

摘要： Background: Elucidating disease and developmental dysfunction requires understanding variation in phenotype. Single-species model organism anatomy ontologies (ssAOs) have been established to represent this variation. Multi-species anatomy ontologies (msAOs;vertebrate skeletal, vertebrate homologous, teleost, amphibian AOs) have been developed to represent 'natural' phenotypic variation across species. Our aim has been to integrate ssAOs and msAOs for various purposes, including establishing links between phenotypic variation and candidate genes. Results: Previously, msAOs contained a mixture of unique and overlapping content. This hampered integration and coordination due to the need to maintain cross-references or inter-ontology equivalence axioms to the ssAOs, or to perform large-scale obsolescence and modular import. Here we present the unification of anatomy ontologies into Uberon, a single ontology resource that enables interoperability among disparate data and research groups. As a consequence, independent development of TAO, VSAO, AAO, and vHOG has been discontinued. Conclusions: The newly broadened Uberon ontology is a unified cross-taxon resource for metazoans (animals) that has been substantially expanded to include a broad diversity of vertebrate anatomical structures, permitting reasoning across anatomical variation in extinct and extant taxa. Uberon is a core resource that supports single-and cross-species queries for candidate genes using annotations for phenotypes from the systematics, biodiversity, medical, and model organism communities, while also providing entities for logical definitions in the Cell and Gene Ontologies.

关键词： PALEONTOLOGY   MARINE animals   STRATIGRAPHIC geology   EVOLUTION (Biology)   ANIMALS -- Classification   CAMBRIAN  

摘要： A spectacular Cambrian soft bodied fauna some 40 km from Walcott's original Burgess Shale locality includes over 50 taxa, some 20% new to science. New anatomical evidence from this site will illuminate the evolution of early marine animals.

关键词： SQUIDS   BEHAVIOR   PREDATORY aquatic animals  

摘要： The article discusses a research conducted by researchers Robyn Crook and Edgar Walters, published in the periodical 'Current Biology' in 2014, according to which, squid that are sensitized to pain by injury are quicker to hide from predators.

关键词： 羊毛   毛发   弯曲   机理  

摘要： 弯曲是羊毛纤维的一个特征,对加工过程和最终的毛纺织品特性有显著影响。羊毛弯曲与毛囊中细胞的不对称分裂、毛纤维中正副皮质的双边排列、不同角蛋白的不对称组成及角质化过程等相关。尽管羊毛弯曲形成的分子机理鲜有报道,但小鼠锯齿状及波纹状毛发分子调控机理研究表明,IGFBP5/Krox20、Eda/Edar、Wnt、EGFR/TGF-α、Msx2/Foxn1/Ha3等介导的信号通路及毛发角蛋白基因和一些转录因子对纤维弯曲形成有重要影响。皮肤基因表达模式比较分析表明,哺乳动物毛发产生和发育的分子调控机理是相似的。这些信息为研究羊毛弯曲形成的分子机理提供了可能。本文旨在对羊毛及小鼠等动物毛发弯曲形成机理进行综述,为进一步解析羊毛弯曲形成分子机理进而为改善羊毛弯曲性状的研究提供参考。

关键词： 现代分子生物学技术   出入境检疫   动物检疫   应用   检验检疫工作   检测原理   检疫方法  

摘要： 分子生物学技术具有简便、高效、准确等优点,可以满足目前出入境检验检疫工作中提出的检得出、检得快、检得准的发展要求,使得分子生物学技术在动物检疫方面的应用越来越广泛。文章根据检疫方法的检测原理,论述了现代分子生物学技术在动物出入境检疫中的研究和应用。

关键词： 特种经济动物   国家重点实验室   分子生物学   吉林省   培育   优异种质资源   生物学特性   生物学理论  

摘要： 总体定位日特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建国家重点实验室紧紧围绕国家重大需求和国际动物学科发展的方向与前沿研究领域，重点开展特种经济动物优异种质资源基因组学、特种经济动物分子育种学、特种经济动物分子调控、特种经济动物组织细胞工程、特种经济动物特有的生物学特性等研究，为建立特种经济动物分子生物学理论体现奠定坚实的基础，使我国特种经济动物分子生物学在整体水平上达到国际先进水平。

关键词： 寡毛类   摇蚊幼虫   密度   生物量   时空格局   浅水湖泊   富营养化  

摘要： 2011年6月—2012年5月,对长荡湖大型底栖动物群落进行了逐月调查,并利用生物指数对水质进行生物学评价。结果表明:共采集到底栖动物28种,其中摇蚊科幼虫10种,水栖寡毛类7种,软体动物5种,其他类6种;铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、中国长足摇蚊(Tanypus chinensis)、多巴小摇蚊(Microchironomus tabarui)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)和半折摇蚊(Chironomus semireductus)是现阶段长荡湖底栖动物的优势种;长荡湖10个监测点底栖动物年均密度为769 ind·m-2,年均生物量为74.89 g·m-2,并呈现出明显的空间变化;生物量较密度空间差异更大,生物量高值主要出现在湖泊四周的监测点,而在湖心开阔水域较低;Wright指数、Goodnight-Whitley指数、BPI指数及Shannon指数表明长荡湖水体处于轻-中度污染状态。

关键词： epigenetics   DNA   chromatin  

摘要： The human cell nucleus is home to a phenomenal feat of packaging: Two meters of genomic DNA are wound neatly around protein spools called nucleosomes and packed into an overall parcel called chromatin.