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关键词： 植物病虫害   相关专业   黄龙病   基因沉默技术   澳大利亚联邦   持续控制   生物学  

摘要： 2018年8月5~9日,'柑桔主要害虫持续控制基础研究学科创新引智基地启动会暨植物病虫害生物学国际研讨会'在西南大学举行。本次大会由西南大学主办,'柑桔主要病虫害持续控制基础研究学科创新引智基地'、农业科学院、植物保护学院、中国农业科学院柑桔研究所和重庆市植物保护学会共同承办。大会为期5天,邀请了来自美国、澳大利亚、比利时和芬兰等国的共9位外国专家。

关键词： auxin   mathematical   modeling   polar   auxin   transport   fruit   development   systems   biology   of   patterning  

摘要： The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent *** maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,of the root apical meristem,and position new sites of outgrowth,such as during lateral root initiation and *** recently,it has been demonstrated that sites of auxin minima also provide positional *** the developingArabidopsis fruit,auxin minima are required for correct differentiation of the valve *** remains unclear,however,how this auxin minimum is generated and ***,we employ a systems biology approach to model auxin transport based on experimental *** allows us to determine the minimal requirements for its *** simulations reveal that two alternative processes-which we coin "flux-barrier" and "flux-passage"-are both able to generate an auxin minimum,but under different parameter *** models are in principle able to yield similar auxin profiles but present qualitatively distinct patterns of auxin *** models were tested by tissue-specific inducible ablation,revealing that the auxin minimum in the fruit is most likely generated by a flux-passage *** predictions were further supported through 3D PIN localization imaging and implementing experimentally observed transporter *** such an experimental-modeling cycle,we predict how the auxin minimum gradually matures during fruit development to ensure timely fruit opening and seed dispersal.

关键词： 植物提取物   肉鸡   抗氧化   抗菌   免疫  

摘要： 植物提取物是通过物理化学等方式从植物中提取的一类单一或混合的化合物,具有促生长、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒和增强免疫等生物学功能。植物提取物作为饲料添加剂,可提高肉鸡的生长性能,改善肉品质,提高机体抗氧化能力和免疫力,维持肠道健康等。植物提取物的提取工艺、提取物中的活性成分和试验条件等因素影响植物提取物的作用效果。总结了植物提取物的生物学功能、影响因素及其在肉鸡生产中的应用,为植物提取物更广泛应用在肉鸡生产上提供依据。

关键词： Herbs   MAPK signaling cascades   Molecular docking   Pharmacology   Interaction networks   Protein interaction networks   Bioinformatics   Traditional Chinese medicine  

摘要： As an important part of the comprehensive treatment methods, the urate-lowering Chinese herbs could provide favorable clinical effects on hyperuricemia in its ability to invigorate spleen and remove dampness. Owing to the long-term duration, it brought up the potential adverse reactions (ADRs) and concerns about the drug-induced liver injury from these herbs. To address this problem, the bioinformatics approaches which combined the network pharmacology, computer simulation and molecular biology experiments were undertaken to elucidate the underlying drug-induced liver injury molecular mechanisms of urate-lowering Chinese herbs. Several electronic databases were searched to identify the potential liver injury compounds in published research. Then, the putative target profile of liver injury was predicted, and the interaction network was constructed based on the links between the compounds, corresponding targets and core pathways. Accordingly, the molecular docking simulation was performed to recognize the representative compounds with hepatotoxicity. Finally, the cell experiments were conducted to investigate the biochemical indicators and expression of the crucial protein that were closely associated with liver injury. In conclusion, the current research revealed that the compounds with potential liver injury including diosgenin, baicalin, saikosaponin D, tetrandrine, rutaecarpine and evodiamine from urate-lowering Chinese herbs, could lead to decline the survival rate of L-02 cell, increase the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell-culture medium, enhance the expression of p-p38/p38, while the p38 inhibitor could achieve the trend of regulating and controlling liver injury. These research findings bring further support to the growing evidence that the mechanism of the liver injury induced by the compounds from urate-lowering Chinese herbs may be associated w

摘要： Plants protect their wounds against pathogen invasion by releasing damage signals that induce immune responses in neighboring cells. A new study shows that a conserved bioactive peptide is released from its cytoplasmic precursor upon wounding by a metacaspase that is activated by calcium influx into the injured cell.

摘要： One century ago, on February 10, 1917, Johanna Westerdijk delivered her inaugural speech at Utrecht University entitled New directions in phytopathological research. By doing so, she became the very first female professor in the Netherlands and set the stage for many female professors who followed her example. Besides her remarkable performance as a role model for women in science, Johanna Westerdijk was also a pioneer in the global science field of phytopathology, which rapidly emerged at the end of the 19(th) century and reached maturity during the course of her scientific career.

关键词： Intelligence   Jagdish Chandra Bose   learning   plant memory   plant nerve   plant neurobiology  

摘要： When Jagdish Chandra Bose, a renowned physicist, devoted himself entirely to research in the field of plant physiology post his superannuation at Presidency University, Kolkata, India (earlier known as Presidency College, Calcutta), it came as a surprise to many. The research on plant nervous system by JC Bose during this period was pioneering in nature, being recognized by recent plant biologists globally as the first in the field. His findings were so revolutionary at the time of their proclamation that these aroused disbelief and contradiction. Surprisingly, not many at that time took up such investigations and once accepted with reluctance, there was practically very little activity in the field for the next several decades. More than a hundred years later, recent advances in molecular biology, genomics, ecology and neurophysiology have led to renewed interest resulting in a flurry of activity, confirming most of Bose's observations. The present review describes this pioneering scientist's work and his immense contribution in the emergence of the discipline now designated as 'Plant Neurobiology'.

关键词： Medicinal plant   Shoot and root tissues   Secondary metabolites   Transcriptome data   Meta-analysis  

摘要： Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant is a complex process, regulated by many genes and influenced by several factors. In recent years, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and advanced statistical analysis such as meta-analysis and computational systems biology have provided novel opportunities to overcome biological complexity. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on publicly available transcriptome datasets of twelve economically significant medicinal plants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between shoot and root tissues and to find the key molecular features which may be effective in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Meta-analysis identified a total of 880 genes with differential expression between two tissues. Functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the functions of those DEGs are highly associated with the developmental process, starch metabolic process, response to stimulus, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and phenylalanine metabolism. In addition, systems biology analysis of the DEGs was applied to find protein-protein interaction network and discovery of significant modules. The detected modules were associated with hormone signal transduction, transcription repressor activity, response to light stimulus and epigenetic processes. Finally, analysis was extended to search for putative miRNAs that are associated with DEGs. A total of 31 miRNAs were detected which belonged to 16 conserved families. The present study provides a comprehensive view to better understand the tissue-specific expression of genes and mechanisms involved in secondary metabolites synthesis and may provide candidate genes for future researches to improve yield of secondary metabolites.

关键词： 巴山榧树   濒危植物   研究进展   濒危机制  

摘要： 【目的】对中国特有裸子植物巴山榧树(Torreyafargesii)生物学特性、群落特征、濒危机制、资源保护的研究进展进行综述,为巴山榧树资源保护和合理利用提供参考。【方法】在查阅相关研究文献的基础上,分析巴山榧树的濒危机制,总结巴山榧树的保护措施,并提出今后的研究方向。【结果】1)巴山榧树濒危的原因主要有:历史气候变化导致巴山榧树数量大规模减少;巴山榧树遗传多样性低,种群间遗传分化程度低;巴山榧树生殖障碍大,种子萌发率低;巴山榧树群落内物种生态位重叠程度高,种群间竞争激烈;人类活动导致了巴山榧树生境的破碎。2)巴山榧树资源保护策略目前主要有迁地保护、就地保护等,但同时还应全面系统地开展科学研究,建立完善珍稀濒危植物保护法律法规,加强宣传教育。【结论】应深入研究巴山榧树濒危机制,开展巴山榧树繁殖技术和系统地理格局的研究。

关键词： 进一步探究   科学探究能力   美国初中生物学教材  

摘要： “倡导探究性学习”是《义务教育生物学课程标准(2011版)》中的一个重要课程理念,但目前我国中学生的探究能力普遍较弱,提高中学生的科学探究能力已成为生物学教学工作的重要方面。研读美国初中生物学教材《科学探索者.从细菌到植物》时发现,“进一步探究”环节对提高学生的科学探究能力有着重要的意义,且对我国教学有着一定借鉴意义。