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关键词： 锦鸡儿属   有性繁殖   克隆繁殖   草原  

摘要： 灌丛化已成为全球草地生态系统一个普遍现象。我国北部草原的灌丛化主要是由锦鸡儿属灌木引起的。在灌丛化草地上,锦鸡儿属灌木不仅作为重要牧草,而且具有防风固沙和保持水土功能,在维持草地生态系统结构和功能稳定中起着重要作用。本文综述锦鸡儿属植物繁殖生物学和生态学研究进展。

关键词： 植物发育生物学   课程思政   立德树人   协同效应  

摘要： “课程思政”是将挖掘的思想政治教育资源融入专业课程教学的全过程,并通过“隐性思政”落实立德树人的全方位发展理念。“植物发育生物学”是生物类专业的重要选修课程,其对学生的后续课程学习和研究工作具有重要的影响。基于自然科学课程特点和“课程思政”的教育理念,分析了思想政治教育在“植物发育生物学”课程中的楔入点和实施路径,并构建了全程育人、全方位育人的“植物发育生物学”课程教学体系,将“植物发育生物学”课程建设成为知识传授、能力培养与价值引领的重要载体,与思想政治教育课程形成合力,培养符合社会需要的德才兼备的高素质生物学人才。将“课程思政”理念融于“植物发育生物学”课程教学中,有助于提升学生的专业素质、人文素质、思想政治素质,同时也促进了教师的师德、专业和教学水平的提高。

关键词： Ca2+ homeostasis   Ca2+ signatures   companion cells   phloem cell biology   phytoplasma research   phytoplasma cultivation media   pore-plasmodesma units   sieve elements   sieve pores   sieve element-phytoplasma interaction  

摘要： Phytoplasmas reside exclusively in sieve tubes, tubular arrays of sieve element-companion cell complexes. Hence, the cell biology of sieve elements may reveal (ultra) structural and functional conditions that are of significance for survival, propagation, colonization, and effector spread of phytoplasmas. Electron microscopic images suggest that sieve elements offer facilities for mobile and stationary stages in phytoplasma movement. Stationary stages may enable phytoplasmas to interact closely with diverse sieve element compartments. The unique, reduced sieve element outfit requires permanent support by companion cells. This notion implies a future focus on the molecular biology of companion cells to understand the sieve element-phytoplasma inter-relationship. Supply of macromolecules by companion cells is channelled via specialized symplasmic connections. Ca2+-mediated gating of symplasmic corridors is decisive for the communication within and beyond the sieve element-companion cell complex and for the dissemination of phytoplasma effectors. Thus, Ca2+ homeostasis, which affects sieve element Ca2+ signatures and induces a range of modifications, is a key issue during phytoplasma infection. The exceptional physical and chemical environment in sieve elements seems an essential, though not the only factor for phytoplasma survival.

关键词： 脂肪酰化   N-肉豆蔻酰化   S-酰化   信号转导   N-高丝氨酸内脂  

摘要： 蛋白脂肪酰化修饰是蛋白翻译修饰的重要形式,在细胞信号转导、生长发育和代谢等过程中发挥着重要的作用。N-肉豆蔻酰化和S-酰化是脂肪酰化修饰的两种主要形式,长链的脂肪酸被共价结合到蛋白质上,使蛋白结构发生变化,从而影响细胞的一系列生理作用。近年来,相比于真菌和动物细胞中蛋白脂肪酰化修饰的功能研究而言,植物蛋白质脂酰化修饰及其生物学功能的研究相对较少,且两者并不完全相同,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。研究发现,植物蛋白质N-肉豆蔻酰化和S-酰化修饰过程中分别需要相对应的豆蔻酰基转移酶和S-酰基转移酶来催化,通过对两种转移酶缺失的突变体的研究发现,这两种酰基转移酶的活性与植物种子萌发、花期长短及表型正常化有关;N-肉豆蔻酰化和S-酰化蛋白通过疏水性的酰基键插入膜上相应的位置,进行膜锚定;参与调控植物生长、信号转导及免疫应答等过程。综述了近年来N-肉豆蔻酰化和S-酰化在植物细胞生物学功能中的研究进展,并对植物G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)脂质修饰在感知细菌信号分子N-酰基高丝氨酸内脂(AHLs)过程中的作用进行了讨论,旨在为采用遗传干预技术提高农作物生产、优质及抗逆提供理论指导。

关键词： 分子机理   遗传学   生菜   controlling   叶色   教育部重点实验室   华中农业大学   植物生物学  

摘要： 2019 年7 月,国际刊物《Plant Biotechnology Journal》在线发表了华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室生菜团队陈炯炯课题组题为“Characterization of four polymorphic genes controlling red leaf color in lettuce that have undergonedisruptive selection since domestication”的研究论文,报道了通过正向遗传学的方法克隆到4 个调控生菜花青素合成的基因,阐明了生菜叶色的遗传和分子机理,为生菜改良和育种奠定了理论基础。

关键词： 多花水仙   种质资源   物候期   观赏性状  

摘要： 为选育水仙花新品种,本研究共选择15个多花水仙资源材料,于2017年秋季在漳州进行露地栽培,观测其植物学性状及生物学特性。结果表明:15个水仙资源间的叶长、叶宽、花葶长度、每花葶小花数、小花直径、副冠直径、副冠杯深以及花药长度等有明显差异。萌芽期为10月底至12月底,抽葶期为11月底至翌年1月底,花期从12月初持续到第二年2月底,盛花期延续81d,开花持续天数27~35d。根据花色可分为4大类型,第一类为两色花类型,含7个资源,即Chinese Sacred Lily、Erlicheer、Galilee、Sol、Winter Sun、金三角、云香;第二类为白色花类型,含3个资源,即Znbal、Ziva、崇明(白);第三类为黄色花类型,含3个资源,即Golden rain、Grand SD’or、彩旺;第四类为其他花色类型,仅绿状元1种。按花期可以分为早、中、晚3种类型。通过观察比较,明确了15个资源的植物学性状和生物学特性。

关键词： 初中生物教学   智慧课堂   创设情境   智慧导学   课堂小结  

摘要： 以“植物体的结构层次”为例,对初中生物学如何建构“智慧课堂”进行了实践与探索,提高课堂教学质量,落实学科核心素养。

关键词： 红厚壳   营养元素   生理生态   形态解剖   西沙群岛  

摘要： 为了解红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum)的抗逆特性,对西沙群岛自然生长的红厚壳叶片的形态解剖、生理生态、以及叶片和适生土壤的元素含量进行了研究。结果表明,红厚壳是阳生性植物,其上表皮厚,海绵组织发达且栅栏组织排列紧密,气孔排列松散且密度小(24.40 mm-2,有利于叶片保水抵御干旱。叶片的叶绿素a、b含量低(分别为0.87和0.43 mg g^-1,表明红厚壳具适应强光环境的能力。叶片的MDA含量低(13.46 nmol g^-1,PRO含量高(127.89μg g^-1,SOD活性高(149.42 U g^-1,总抗氧化能力高(388.60 U g^-1,显示红厚壳能通过提高自身的抗氧化能力抵御膜脂过氧化伤害。红厚壳自然生长的珊瑚岛土壤较为贫瘠、营养元素含量低,但红厚壳植株体内具有较高的营养元素含量,表明红厚壳营养元素利用率高,对于贫瘠土壤具有很好的适应能力。因此,红厚壳具有较高的抗氧化胁迫能力和耐受干旱的能力,适宜生长在热带珊瑚岛等土壤贫瘠的生境,可以作为热带珊瑚岛防风固沙和植被恢复的工具种。

关键词： Plant biology   Plant genomics   Plant bioinformatics   Plant stress   Food security   Precision agriculture   Digital farming   Systems biology  

摘要： Plants are essential facilitators of human life on planet earth. Plants play a critical functional role in mediating the quality of air, availability of food and the sustainability of agricultural resources. However, plants are in constant interaction with its environment and often hampered by various types of stresses like biotic and abiotic ones. Biotic stress is a significant reason for crop-loss and causes yield loss in the range of 31-42%, post-harvest loss due to biotic stress is in the range of 6-20%, and abiotic stress causes 6-20% of the crop damage. Recognizing the molecular factors driving plant stress-related events, and developing molecular strategies to aid plants to tolerate, resist or adapt to biotic and abiotic stress are critical for sustainable agriculture practice. In this review, we discuss how recent advances in bioinformatics, plant genomics, and data science could help to improve our understanding of plant stress biology and improve the scale of global food production. We present various areas of scientific and technological advances, such as increased availability of genomics data through whole genome sequencing that require attention. We also discuss emerging techniques including CRISPR-Cas9 based genome engineering systems to develop plant varieties that can handle combinatorial stress signals. Growing trend of converging multiple omics technologies and availability of accurate, multi-scale models of plant stress through the study of orthologs and synteny studies, would improve our knowledge of how plants perceive, respond, and manage stress to thrive as resilient crop species and thus help to reduce global food crisis. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 304L stainless steel   Biofilm   Microbiologically influenced corrosion   Pseudomonas aeruginosa   Green inhibitor  

摘要： The mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of 304L stainless steel (SS) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a Salvia officinalis extract was investigated using electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. The extract was characterized by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and its antibiofilm property was evaluated. The data revealed the presence of well-known antimicrobial and anticorrosion compounds in the extract. The S. officinalis extract was found effective in preventing biofilm formation and inhibiting mature biofilm. Electrochemical results indicated that P. aeruginosa accelerated the MIC of 304L SS, while the extract was found to prevent the MIC with an inhibition efficiency of 97.5 +/- 1.5%. This was attributed to the formation of a protective film by the adsorption of some compounds from the extract on the 304L SS surface. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.