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关键词： Breeding system   Floral biology   Floral nectar   Floral scent   HPLC   Moth pollination  

摘要： Understanding the reproductive biology of rare plant species is fundamental to managing their restoration. Brighamia insignis is a critically endangered Hawaiian lobeliad endemic to the islands of Kaua'i and Niihau. The flowers appear to be adapted for moth pollination although its putative pollinator is believed to be extinct or very rare. To confirm the pollination syndrome, document the breeding system, and identify potential pollinators of B. insignis: 1) a suite of floral characters were examined, 2) pollination treatments were performed, and 3) diurnal and nocturnal floral visitor observations were conducted at an ex situ site on Kaua'i. Brighamia insignis flowers contain sucrose-rich nectar and emit a strong floral scent containing benzyl alcohol, linalool, and methyl salicylate. Pollination treatments revealed that the species is primarily outcrossing with several of the study plants also capable of low levels of selfing. However, most of the plants had low pollen production and viability. No moths and only occasional non-native insect species visited the flowers of B. insignis. None of these insect visitors appeared to be serving as effective pollinators. In spite of this lack of flower visitation by moths, analysis of nectar and floral scent support a moth pollination syndrome in B. insignis. The potential loss of pollinators suggests that restoring populations of B. insignis may not be feasible;human assisted cross-pollination would be necessary for fruit and seed to set, as only 1% of the control and self treatment flowers formed fruit. Therefore, this species appears dependent upon intense human management to prevent its extinction.

关键词： Biology   Chemistry   India   Lepidium didymum   Traditional knowledge   Western Himalaya  

摘要： Tribal communities have a long history of association living in close contact with nature as herdsmen, and their mode of use of natural products as food and medicine dates reverse to ancient time. Usually, the folklore knowledge transfers from one generation to next generation by the way of living and the mode of usage of available resources. There is less known information on taxonomy, ethnic traditional knowledge, nutrient contents and chemistry of Lepidium didymum L., a leafy wild edible Himalayan culinary herb. The authors have documented such folklore knowledge for the first time from two Himalayan nomadic and pastoral communities—Gujjars and Bakarwals, from seven regions (Patnitop, Sanasar, Kud, Batote, Bani, Nathatop and Mantalai) of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Investigations were carried out using snowball technique from 167 people both the male and the female, aged 17–68 years. As per knowledge investigated, L. didymum is commonly used as seasonal cooked vegetable, local medicine, fodder for animals, salad, chapati making and traditional dish Wazwan preparation. The field data analysis shows high use value of this species. The plant prefers to grow in subtropical and temperate climate and has high nutritive values due to the presence of high glucose, unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamins and minerals. This finding will lead to the formulation of new nutraceutical products as value addition from wild edible plants for people residing in the high-altitude regions of Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere in the world. © 2018, The National Academy of Sciences, India.

关键词： 植物分子生物学   实验教学   课程改革  

摘要： "植物分子生物学"是培养我国林业科研人才的重要课程之一.在河南农业大学"植物分子生物学"课程本科实验教学中存在内容设置不科学、教学资源不足、实验教学交流渠道狭窄等问题,影响了林学专业技术人才的培养.针对这些问题,作者从优化实验教学内容、创新教学形式、改善实验教学条件、拓宽交流平台和撰写实验教学指导书等方面对"植物分子生物学"课程实验教学进行了改革性探讨.从教学改革的反馈结果看,新的实验教学模式激发了学生学习"植物分子生物学"课程的积极性,取得了良好的教学效果,为培养林学专业技术人才奠定了基础.

关键词： 自主设计   植物凝集素   凝集效果  

摘要： 指出了自主设计型实验室是培养大学生技能、创新意识和开拓精神的良好方法。植物凝集素对动物红细胞的凝集反应是细胞生物学实验教学中的一个基础实验,以植物凝集素实验为例,探讨了生物学自主设计型实验的整体实验流程及其效果。通过对比常规的验证性实验,发现了实验中存在的一些问题,提出了若干改进措施,取得了较好的效果。

关键词： 植物   生物学特性   种子   育苗技术  

摘要： 在当前新市场经济常态下,伴随人们环保意识的不断增强,种子育苗技术研发近年来也受到了各界的高度关注。为此主要选择了几种楠木树种,对其生物学特性以及育苗技术进行了深入剖析,以此为基层产业可持续发展目标的实现奠定良好的基础。

摘要： Synopsis The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) should, in theory, be a home for scientists working across the entire Tree of Life. In practice, SICB has remained principally a society that supports integrative zoological research. Here we highlight a broad collection of what we consider to the best in integrative and comparative plant biology, gathered together for a special symposium at the 2019 SICB meeting. This symposium and special issue mark the initiation of a new Division of Botany within SICB, which we hope will usher in a new era of SICB where botanists and zoologists engage, collaborate, and celebrate together in this especially creative period of integrative and comparative biology.

关键词： Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin   Imperial Kazan University   Botany   Mycology   Microbiology   Parasitology  

摘要： In 2019, the world scientific community celebrates the 110th anniversary of the death of Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin (1846-1909), an eminent Russian biologist. On this occasion, this paper reviews the life and work of Sorokin, who was known for many important scientific breakthroughs, particularly in botany, mycology, and microbiology. Drawing upon Sorokin's publications and unpublished papers from archives, this account traces his key educational influences and the development of his research interests, research-related travels, contributions to the Russian movement in women's higher education, and his key publications, particularly his four-volume treatise on plant parasites. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adventitious rooting   Eucalyptus   Clonal forestry   OMICs   Development   Regulation  

摘要： Species of Eucalyptus are some of the most planted trees in the world, providing fiber, cellulose, energy, and wood for construction and furniture in renewable fashion, with the added advantage of fixing large amounts of atmospheric carbon. The efficiency of eucalypts in forestry relies mostly on the clonal propagation of selected genotypes both as pure species and interspecific hybrids. The formation of new roots from cambium tissues at the base of cuttings, referred to as adventitious rooting (AR), is essential for accomplishing clonal propagation successfully. AR is a highly complex, multi-level regulated developmental process, affected by a number of endogenous and environmental factors. In several cases, highly desirable genotypes from an industrial point of view carry along the undesirable trait of difficulty-to-root (recalcitrance). Understanding the bases of this phenotype is needed to identify ways to overcome recalcitrance and allow efficient clonal propagation. Herein, an overview of the state-of-the-art on the basis of AR recalcitrance in eucalypts addressed at various levels of regulation (transcript, protein, metabolite and phenotype), and OMICs techniques is presented. In addition, a focus is also provided on the gaps that need to be filled in order to advance in this strategic biological problem for global forestry industry relying on eucalypts. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cysteine   glutathione   metabolism   plant biochemistry   sulfate   sulfur   sulfur assimilation   thiol metabolism   X-ray crystallography  

摘要： Sulfur is an essential plant nutrient, but it must be assimilated and converted into metabolically useful forms. Structural biology has revealed the molecular details for each step in this process. Abstract Sulfur is an essential element for all organisms. Plants must assimilate this nutrient from the environment and convert it into metabolically useful forms for the biosynthesis of a wide range of compounds, including cysteine and glutathione. This review summarizes structural biology studies on the enzymes involved in plant sulfur assimilation [ATP sulfurylase, adenosine-5'-phosphate (APS) reductase, and sulfite reductase], cysteine biosynthesis (serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase), and glutathione biosynthesis (glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase) pathways. Overall, X-ray crystal structures of enzymes in these core pathways provide molecular-level information on the chemical events that allow plants to incorporate sulfur into essential metabolites and revealed new biochemical regulatory mechanisms, such as structural rearrangements, protein-protein interactions, and thiol-based redox switches, for controlling different steps in these pathways.

摘要： Stomata are pores on the surfaces of leaves that function to regulate loss of water for cooling while at the same time facilitating the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. A new study shows how stomatal guard cells can sense ultraviolet-A radiation via cGMP signalling to inhibit the opening of these pores in order to reduce transpirational water loss in the short-term.