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摘要： In multicellular eukaryotic cells, metabolism and growth are sustained by the cooperative functioning of organelles in combination with cell-to-cell communication at the organism level. In land plants, multiple strategies have evolved to adapt to life outside water. As basal land plant, the moss Physcomitrella patens is used for comparative genomics, allowing to study lineage-specific features, as well as to track the evolution of fundamental parameters of plant cell organisation and physiology. P. patens is a versatile model for cell biology research, especially to investigate adaptive growth, stress biology as well as organelle dynamics and interactions. Recent advances include the use of genetically encoded biosensors for in vivo imaging of physiological parameters.

关键词： secondary metabolism   plant biochemistry   isoprenoid   amino acid   natural product biosynthesis   enzyme evolution   metabolic engineering   plant metabolism   plant synthetic biology   primary metabolism  

摘要： Plants produce numerous natural products that are essential to both plant and human physiology. Recent identification of genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis now provides exciting opportunities to reconstruct plant natural product pathways in heterologous systems through synthetic biology. The use of plant chassis, although still in infancy, can take advantage of plant cells' inherent capacity to synthesize and store various phytochemicals. Also, large-scale plant biomass production systems, driven by photosynthetic energy production and carbon fixation, could be harnessed for industrial-scale production of natural products. However, little is known about which plants could serve as ideal hosts and how to optimize plant primary metabolism to efficiently provide precursors for the synthesis of desirable downstream natural products or specialized (secondary) metabolites. Although primary metabolism is generally assumed to be conserved, unlike the highly-diversified specialized metabolism, primary metabolic pathways and enzymes can differ between microbes and plants and also among different plants, especially at the interface between primary and specialized metabolisms. This review highlights examples of the diversity in plant primary metabolism and discusses how we can utilize these variations in plant synthetic biology. I propose that understanding the evolutionary, biochemical, genetic, and molecular bases of primary metabolic diversity could provide rational strategies for identifying suitable plant hosts and for further optimizing primary metabolism for sizable production of natural and bio-based products in plants.

关键词： 转录因子   WRKY   生物学功能  

摘要： WRKY转录因子家族是近年来研究比较广泛的转录因子家族之一。在植物的进化历程中,WRKY转录因子因其结构域N-末端具有高度保守的WRKYGQK氨基酸序列而得名,且能与目标基因启动子中的W-box发生特异性结合并调控目的基因的表达,进而参与到植物的生命活动进程中。它们不仅参与调控植物对胁迫的应激反应,还参与了激素途径和整个发育过程。本综述回顾了有关植物WRKY转录因子在生物和非生物胁迫、形态建成、生长发育和次生代谢等方面的生物学功能,并对该领域在未来的研究做出了展望。

关键词： 四季无忧花   物候特征   适应性   观赏性评价  

摘要： 从四季无忧花的形态特征、物候、栽培适应性及观赏性等方面进行观测研究,探讨其栽培适应性和观赏性及园林应用形式.结果表明,其花期长,从3月上旬持续开放到12月中下旬,盛花期长达200天左右,花序花期27~52天,单花花期3~10天;耐寒性稍差,低温越冬时其叶尖和叶缘受冻、部分叶片脱落,严重时则部分枝梢干,但气温回升后能很快恢复正常.四季无忧花的花期长、花色艳丽、新叶黄绿色,是一种优良的园林观赏植物,具有较好的园林开发利用前景,适合南亚热带以南地区引种栽培.

关键词： Cell wall biosynthesis   iron homeostasis   lipid metabolism   Mediator complex   metabolic profiling   plant metabolism  

摘要： Mediator is a multisubunit transcriptional co-regulator that is involved in the regulation of an array of processes including plant metabolism. The pathways regulated by Mediator-dependent processes include those for the synthesis of phenylpropanoids (MED5), cellulose (MED16), lipids (MED15 and CDK8), and the regulation of iron homeostasis (MED16 and MED25). Traditional genetic and biochemical approaches laid the foundation for our understanding of Mediator function, but recent transcriptomic and metabolomic studies have provided deeper insights into how specific subunits cooperate in the regulation of plant metabolism. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the investigation of Mediator and plant metabolism, with particular emphasis on the large-scale biology studies of med mutants.

关键词： 大数据   在线识别   植物生物学   实习   教学模式  

摘要： 植物生物学实习是生物科学本科专业的基础课,是巩固植物生物学理论知识的重要实践环节。随着植物图像库等大数据的发展和智能比对技术的应用,基于大数据的植物在线识别技术方兴未艾。该研究将大数据在线识别技术运用于植物生物学实习教学,实现了实习教学的开放性、实时性、交互性、主动性和多样性,构建了新的教学模式,取得了理想的教学效果。

关键词： 食品   植物源性成分   分子生物学检测技术   掺假  

摘要： 植物性食品是人类膳食主要组成部分,其掺假现象刺激了植物源性成分鉴别检测技术的发展。本文基于体外扩增的基因检测技术和基于免疫的特定蛋白检测技术两方面,综述了近年来国内外食品中植物源成分鉴别检测技术及其应用实例与研究进展,并对其发展前景予以展望。

关键词： 植物乳杆菌   绿色荧光蛋白   重组菌株   生物学特性  

摘要： 为探究绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)标记对植物乳杆菌生物学特性的影响,采用GFP对4株植物乳杆菌进行标记,并比较标记前后菌株的生物学特性。结果显示,标记前后菌株生长情况基本相同,其中P2和P4被GFP标记后生长略有滞后;标记前后的菌株对胃酸和胆盐的耐受趋势基本一致,无显著差别;在-80℃冻存2周内,标记前后所有菌株的活菌数无显著变化;对低聚果糖利用能力无变化;标记后所有菌株对氯霉素有抗性,标记前菌株对氯霉素敏感,对其他13种抗生素的敏感性无变化。说明GFP标记不影响植物乳杆菌的生物学特性,为可视化研究植物乳杆菌在小鼠肠道内的定植和分布提供了理论依据。