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关键词： 纳米生物学   国际学术期刊   华中农大   纳米材料   综述论文   感应元件   信号检测   洪教授  

摘要： 2020年2月,华中农大植物科学技术学院吴洪洪教授课题组与合作者在国际学术期刊《Nano Letters》和《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》上分别在线发表研究论文和长综述论文,报道了新开发的基于碳纳米管的感应元件在植物胁迫信号检测中的应用,并总结了纳米材料在促进植物生长和作物抗逆方面的应用和前景。

关键词： 仪器平台   建设发展   国家重点实验室  

摘要： 仪器平台是推动科学研究的必备通道,高效运转是服务科研的基础。通过介绍植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室仪器平台的建设情况,分析了仪器平台建设的作用,以及建设过程中存在的问题。说明了仪器平台建设在国家重点实验室建设中的重要性。

关键词： 情境—问题—探寻   实验教学   核心素养   初中生物学  

摘要： 以“观察植物的气孔”为例,探讨“情境—问题—探寻”三位一体教学在生物学实验教学中的应用。发现该方法可以使学生对生物学概念的理解更加深入,为培养学生的科学和创新思维创造条件,同时也为学生生物学核心素养的达成奠定基础。

关键词： Air biodiversity   Bioaerosol   High-throughput sequencing   Pollen   Sequencing   Spores  

摘要： Aerobiology studies biological particles present in the air of both indoor and outdoor environments. In the past few years, the application of molecular techniques has considerably improved the knowledge of organismal diversity in air samples and highlighted its ecological and clinical importance. DNA metabarcoding in particular has been recently applied worldwide to describe the biological composition of airborne bacteria, fungi and plants. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of those aerobiology studies which, in the past few years, have applied DNA metabarcoding techniques. We focus specifically on researches including plants and fungi and review the multiplicity of experimental plans, sampling procedures, laboratory processing methods, the choice of the DNA barcode(s), the selection of sequencing platforms and bioinformatics pipelines for the comparability of data obtained from multiple origins.

关键词： Burial depth   cold stratification   light   osmotic potential   pH   salt stress   temperature  

摘要： Common seepweed [Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge] is a common salt-tolerant weed species distributed across the agricultural regions of northern China. It produces dimorphic seeds with different phenotypic characteristics and seed sizes. However, there is no information regarding the germination biology of these dimorphic seeds. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of ecological factors such as temperature, light, pH, osmotic stress, salt concentration, and planting depth on seed germination and seedling emergence. The results showed that brown seeds were nondormant, whereas black seeds had an intermediate physiological dormancy. The germination percentage of brown seeds was more than 80% at all temperature regimes and light conditions, but the optimum germination occurred at the cold thermoperiod of 20/10 C. In contrast, less than 6% of black seeds germinated at all temperature regimes and light conditions. Eight weeks of cold stratification did not break the dormancy of black seeds, whereas low concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.1 and 1.0 mM) significantly increased seed germination. Removal of the testa of black seeds also promoted germination and produced normal seedlings. Brown seeds showed moderate tolerance to salt stress, with 16% germination percentage at a salt concentration of 600 mM NaCl. The germination of brown seeds was 38% at an osmotic potential stress of -0.8 MPa;above that, no germination was obtained. Brown seeds germinated well in a wide pH range (4 to 10), with a germination percentage higher than 95%. Seedling emergence percentage was higher than 90% at burial depths of 0 to 2 cm, while germination percentage severely decreased for brown seeds with burial depths >2 cm, indicating that shallow tillage could be an effective measure to minimize seed germination. Information gathered from this study will help to develop an effective protocols for controlling S. glauca.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030635617

摘要： Mycorrhizal fungi provide plants with a range of benefits, including mineral nutrients and protection from stress and pathogens. Here we synthesize current information about how the presence and type of mycorrhizal association affect plant communities. We argue that mycorrhizal fungi regulate seedling establishment and species coexistence through stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms such as soil nutrient partitioning, feedback to soil antagonists, differential mycorrhizal benefits, and nutrient trade. Mycorrhizal fungi have strong effects on plant population and community biology, with mycorrhizal type-specific effects on seed dispersal, seedling establishment, and soil niche differentiation, as well as interspecific and intraspecific competition and hence plant diversity.

关键词： Data analysis   Bayesian inference   Plant development   Statistics   Uncertainty   Time-to-event data   Survival analysis   Plant phenotyping  

摘要： Background Plants, like all living organisms, metamorphose their bodies during their lifetime. All the developmental and growth events in a plant's life are connected to specific points in time, be it seed germination, seedling emergence, the appearance of the first leaf, heading, flowering, fruit ripening, wilting, or death. The onset of automated phenotyping methods has brought an explosion of such time-to-event data. Unfortunately, it has not been matched by an explosion of adequate data analysis methods. Results and discussion In this paper, we introduce the Bayesian approach towards time-to-event data in plant biology. As a model example, we use seedling emergence data of maize under control and stress conditions but the Bayesian approach is suitable for any time-to-event data (see the examples above). In the proposed framework, we are able to answer key questions regarding plant emergence such as these: (1) Do seedlings treated with compound A emerge earlier than the control seedlings? (2) What is the probability of compound A increasing seedling emergence by at least 5 percent? Conclusion Proper data analysis is a fundamental task of general interest in life sciences. Here, we present a novel method for the analysis of time-to-event data which is applicable to many plant developmental parameters measured in field or in laboratory conditions. In contrast to recent and classical approaches, our Bayesian computational method properly handles uncertainty in time-to-event data and it is capable to reliably answer questions that are difficult to address by classical methods.

关键词： 植物内生菌   生物学效应   研究进展  

摘要： 植物内生菌是植物内生菌的重要组成部分。植物内生细菌通过不同的方式定殖在植物体内,促进了植物的生长发育,提高了植物的固氮作用以及抗病抗虫性。随着科学研究的不断深入,植物内生细菌在生物防治以及生理生态方面的作用逐步被挖掘,成为国内外农业以及医药领域研究的重点。