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关键词： 生长素   课堂教学   实验设计  

摘要： 以人教版必修3“植物生长素的发现”一节内容为例,尝试将科学探究的基本过程、实验设计的思路、原则和方法渗透在常规课堂教学中,提高学生的实验设计能力,培养学生的探究能力和科学思维核心素养。

关键词： 初中生物学   生活化教学   公开课   教学研究室   名师课堂   创设生活情境   四部曲   课程生活化  

摘要： 《义务教育生物学课程标准》强调实现课程生活化、社会化和实用化,用生活化的内容充实课堂教学。下面是笔者执教的江苏省中小学教学研究室“教学新时空·名师课堂”直播公开课“水中的藻类植物”的课堂回顾。本节课的教学紧密结合生活,奏响了初中生物学“生活化教学”的四部曲:创设生活情境,结合生活自学,探究生活问题,拓展生活应用。

关键词： 植物激素   化学生物学   激素类似物   分子功能   发育  

摘要： 植物激素是植物生长发育过程中必不可少的重要调节物质,它们直接或间接参与调控从种子萌发到成熟的各个发育阶段以及对生物/非生物胁迫的响应。随着利用小分子化合物探究生物体生理代谢分子机制的不断发展,植物生物学与化学之间一个新的前沿交叉学科——化学生物学随之诞生,并在短时间内取得了重要进展。化学生物学的思路与方法在植物激素研究领域中起到了不可替代的作用,尤其是在激素合成及信号转导研究领域。该文概述了主要植物激素的小分子类似物及其在植物生长发育和生物/非生物胁迫响应等方面的作用机制,并讨论了激素类似物在实际生产中的应用潜力及未来的研究方向。

关键词： 台湾牡丹樱   植物学特征   开花物候期  

摘要： 台湾牡丹樱是一种具有极高观赏价值的绿化树种,本文针对台湾牡丹樱的植物学特征、年生长周期和开花物候期进行调查研究。结果表明:台湾牡丹樱花深红色,重瓣,伞形花序;一般于2月份盛开;温度是影响其萌芽开花的重要因素。

关键词： Gene editing   Expression regulation   Novel allele   Trait development   Plant breeding  

摘要： Plant breeding is well recognized as one of the most important means to meet food security challenges caused by the ever-increasing world population. During the past three decades, plant breeding has been empowered by both new knowledge on trait development and regulation(e.g., functional genomics) and new technologies(e.g., biotechnologies and phenomics). Gene editing, particularly by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) and its variants, has become a powerful technology in plant research and may become a game-changer in plant breeding. Traits are conferred by coding and non-coding genes. From this perspective, we propose different editing strategies for these two types of genes. The activity of an encoded enzyme and its quantity are regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional, as well as translational and post-translational, levels. Different strategies are proposed to intervene to generate gene functional variations and consequently phenotype changes. For non-coding genes, trait modification could be achieved by regulating transcription of their own or target genes via gene editing. Also included is a scheme of protoplast editing to make gene editing more applicable in plant breeding. In summary, this review provides breeders with a host of options to translate gene biology into practical breeding strategies, i.e., to use gene editing as a mechanism to commercialize gene biology in plant breeding.

关键词： Haploids   Duckweed   Gene regulation   Phytochrome   Plant molecular biology  

摘要： We present here a tribute to Satish Chandra Maheshwari (known to many as SCM, or simply Satish), one of the greatest plant biologists of our time. He was born on October 4, 1933, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, and passed away in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on June 12, 2019. He is survived by two of his younger sisters (Sushila Narsimhan and Saubhagya Agrawal), a large number of friends and students from around the world. He has not only been the discoverer of pollen haploids in plants but has also contributed immensely to the field of duckweed research and gene regulation. In addition, he has made discoveries in the area of phytochrome research. The scientific community will always remember him as an extremely dedicated teacher and a passionate researcher;and for his wonderful contributions in the field of Plant Biology. See Sopory and Maheshwari (2001) for a perspective on the beginnings of Plant Molecular Biology in India;and see Raghuram (2002a, b) for the growth and contributions of this field in India.

摘要： Throughout plant development, the phytohormones auxin and brassinosteroid regulate growth via their combinatorial input. A new study reveals a major impact of brassinosteroid signaling on intracellular auxin distribution and thereby nuclear auxin signaling, adding another layer of complexity to auxin-brassinosteroid crosstalk.

摘要： Tissue folding allows for the development of complex three-dimensional morphologies necessary for various functions. A new study provides novel mechanistic insights linking plant cell wall and hormonal pathways involved in bending of plant tissue through regulation of differential growth.

关键词： 生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030085894

摘要： 本书遵循对事物认识的规律和教育规律，在当今科学发展的新的高度上，以分于细胞生物学内容充实、改造传统的植物学，综合植物科学各分支学科的成果，整体、系统地介绍植物个体、植物界和植物科学的全貌，有机地将植物形态、结构、生长发育、生理、生态、系统分类和演化等知识融会结合，使学生对当代植物科学有一广泛、全面的基础知识。本书注意从现象和实验推导事物的内涵和基本概念，避免过多的名词术语的堆积，培养学生创新思维的能力。全书分为五个部分（细胞，植物体的结构、发育与生理功能，植物生长发育的调控，植物多样性，植物与环境），共二十四章。

摘要： Aerobic respiration is essential to almost all eukaryotes and sensing oxygen is a key determinant of survival. Analogous but mechanistically different oxygen-sensing pathways were adopted in plants and metazoan animals, and include ubiquitin-mediated degradation of transcription factors and direct sensing via non-heme iron(Fe2+)-dependent-dioxygenases. Key roles for oxygen sensing have been identified in both groups, with downstream signalling focussed on regulating gene transcription and chromatin modification to control development and stress responses. Components of sensing systems are promising targets for human therapeutic intervention and developing stress-resilient crops. Here, we review current knowledge about the origins, commonalities and differences between oxygen sensing in plants and animals.