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关键词： 核心素养   生物学   实验教学   高中   5E模式  

摘要： 核心素养的培养是目前高中生物学课堂的主要目标,更是学生成长的需求,目前广大教师深入研究教学活动,以培养核心素养为前提设计教学过程,从而使学生在步入社会后能具备关键能力和学习品质。本文以高中教材中"观察植物细胞的质壁分离与复原"这一实验为例,通过5E学习模式的应用对这节课的实验教学进行分析,以期让学生在生物课堂教学中学会实验分析、实验设计,同时在明确实验原理的基础上对实验过程进行探讨,促进学生的成长和发展。

关键词： 植物病害   大猿叶甲   实验教学   植物保护技术   中等职业学校  

摘要： 根据学生特点及相关教学要求,拓展、创新《植物保护技术》教学内容,增加了农业害虫大猿叶甲的饲养与观察作为对原实验"十字花科害虫形态及为害状观察"的补充实验。该实验教学材料直观鲜活,实验过程简单易操作,同时又兼顾了趣味性和科学性。弥补了原实验操作过程中的标本不新鲜、观察过程较枯燥、学生兴趣不高等缺点。旨在提高中职学生的学习兴趣,巩固夯实理论知识基础,培养学生的责任心、团队合作意识,提升探究及动手能力。

关键词： Cysteine protease   de-ubiquitinase   proteostasis   ubiquitin homeostasis   ubiquitin-specific protease  

摘要： A balance between the synthesis and degradation of active proteins governs diverse cellular processes in plants, spanning from cell-cycle progression and circadian rhythm to the outcome of several hormone signalling pathways. Ubiquitin-mediated post-translational modification determines the degradative fate of the target proteins, thereby altering the output of cellular processes. An equally important, and perhaps under-appreciated, aspect of this pathway is the antagonistic process of de-ubiquitination. De-ubiquitinases (DUBs), a group of processing enzymes, play an important role in maintaining cellular ubiquitin homeostasis by hydrolyzing ubiquitin poly-proteins and free poly-ubiquitin chains into mono-ubiquitin. Further, DUBs rescue the cellular proteins from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation to their active form by cleaving the poly-ubiquitin chain from the target protein. Any perturbation in DUB activity is likely to affect proteostasis and downstream cellular processes. This review illustrates recent findings on the biological significance and mechanisms of action of the DUBs in Arabidopsis thaliana, with an emphasis on ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest family among the DUBs. We focus on the putative roles of various protein-protein interaction interfaces in DUBs and their generalized function in ubiquitin recycling, along with their pre-eminent role in plant development.

ISBN: (纸本)9787307216617

关键词： fruit and seed set   interspecific crosses   intraspecific crosses   seed germination   Tillandsiaspecies  

摘要： In the Bromeliaceae, hybrids have been engineered for horticultural purposes;in addition, hybrids have been observed in natural habitats. We investigated the hybridization potential of three sympatric species ofTillandsiainhabiting secondary forests and shaded coffee plantations in the central mountains of Veracruz, Mexico. The studied species (T. juncea,T. polystachiaandT. variabilis) show overlap in flowering phenology and are believed to share pollinators. We compared the floral morphology of the species, performed controlled intra- and interspecific pollinations, and recorded pollen tube growth, fruit and seed set, as well as seed germination. Flower size differed among the species, but stamen and stigma heights were similar between pairs of species, which would facilitate interspecific pollen exchange. Pollen tubes reached the ovary in interspecific crosses. The three species showed interspecific cross-compatibility, as all crosses resulted in development of mature fruit and viable *** junceaachieved the highest fruit set, whereasT. variabilisshowed the highest seed set. Seed set as a result of agamospermy, autogamy, geitonogamy and interspecific cross-pollination did not differ among the species. The findings suggest that pre- and post-pollination barriers are weak among the three species ofTillandsia, which thus could potentially hybridize in natural sympatric populations.

关键词： 论证式教学   总复习   深度学习   生物学核心素养  

摘要： 本文以初中生物学"绿色植物的光合作用和呼吸作用"为例,结合教材的实验或科学史创设新情境,引导学生提出主张、寻求证据论证主张,最终完善主张,并促进学生深度学习、发展能力,提高学生生物学学科核心素养。

关键词： 生物学   核心素养   教学设计   探究过程  

摘要： 《植物生长素的发现》一课的教学,通过巧设情境引出课题;巧寻时间探究问题,深度体验"植物生长素的发现"历程,初建概念;巧扩知识拓展思维,再建概念,延伸提高探究能力等教学环节,实现生物学核心素养的多维立体培养。

关键词： 特色灌木植物   休眠   种子萌发   六盘山  

摘要： 以甘肃山楂、葱皮忍冬、栓翅卫矛、卫矛、水栒子、胡枝子、山梅花和牛奶子8种植物种子为试材,通过开展种子生物学特性调查,以期掌握硬实种子类型,为进一步破除种子休眠奠定基础。结合萌发试验研究,设置45℃温水浸泡48 h、98%H2SO4浸泡30 min和98%H2SO4浸泡45 min 3个处理,探讨8种植物种子的萌发和休眠情况。结果表明:山梅花种子室温下发芽率达96.2%,发芽整齐度好,无休眠现象;栓翅卫矛、卫矛、水栒子、牛奶子种子沙藏后,经98%H2SO4浸泡45 min处理,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),为其最适萌发条件;胡枝子、甘肃山楂种子沙藏后,经98%H2SO4浸泡30 min处理,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),为其最适萌发条件;葱皮忍冬种子沙藏后,发芽率在45℃温水浸泡48 h处理时达到最大,分别较98%H2SO4浸泡处理显著增加7.5%、25.7%,发芽指数与活力指数变化规律一致,均在45℃温水浸泡48 h处理下有最大值,说明该种子更适合在45℃温水浸泡48 h条件下打破休眠。