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关键词： 核心素养   初中生物学   教学实践   水中的藻类植物  

摘要： 以“水中的藻类植物”一节教学为例,在核心素养理念下,以学生为中心,从生命观念、科学探究、科学思维、社会责任四个维度深入阐述在初中生物学教学中培养学生生物学学科核心素养的方法。

关键词： 光周期   CO   FT   基因家族   功能分化  

摘要： 开花是被子植物的重要生物学行为,关系到植物种群的维持与繁衍.CONSTANS(CO)和FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)是植物开花分子调控网络中的2个关键基因,形成CO/FT途径协同作用,受光周期途径调控,在植物成花转变过程中扮演枢纽的角色.CO/FT途径有古老的系统发育源头,在物种进化过程中处于调控个体生长与繁育的核心位置,在同一物种内或不同物种间存在高度的功能多样性,参与了众多生物学途径或植物器官发育调控.本文总结了CO/FT途径及其所在基因家族成员的生物学功能及其分化,结合近年来的新进展,对CO/FT途径的研究进行了展望.

关键词： 圆粒短角棒   寄主植物   生物学特性   生命表  

摘要： 【目的】明确圆粒短角棒Ramulus rotundus适宜寄主植物。【方法】室内控温控湿条件下,用十里香、樱桃、月季和小麦4种植物饲养圆粒短角棒,观察记录其生长发育、存活和繁殖情况,并组建生命表。【结果】圆粒短角棒取食4种植物均可完成世代发育,但寄主植物种类对其虫态历期、存活率、繁殖力及种群参数影响明显。取食十里香的圆粒短角棒若虫总发育时间仅124.67 d,显著短于取食小麦的132.67 d;取食小麦的圆粒短角棒若虫期总存活率显著低于取食十里香和月季的个体;发育至成虫后,取食樱桃的圆粒短角棒雌成虫存在产卵高峰,其每雌总产卵量显著高于其他处理组,达411粒,十里香处理组的雌成虫产卵期最长,达110 d。种群参数表显示,十里香处理组的圆粒短角棒种群内禀增长率、周限增长率和净增殖率分别为0.0096 d^(-1)、1.0096 d^(-1)和5.2729,均高于其他处理组。【结论】寄主植物种类是影响圆粒短角棒生长发育、繁殖及种群增长的重要因素。圆粒短角棒取食十里香的生长发育及种群繁殖能力均优于取食其他3种寄主植物。试验结果为圆粒短角棒的室内繁育和野外发生趋势及防治技术研究提供了参考依据。

关键词： 系统论   生物学   教学设计   生殖方式  

摘要： 基于系统论的整体性、关联性、层次性和统一性进行课时教学设计时,需要从大单元的视角解析课时教学内容,并多方关联相关教学内容,同时关注教学情境的统一性、教学程序的层次性、问题冲突的内在逻辑,以帮助学生深度构建生物学概念体系。

关键词： 猪毛蒿   牛蒡   内生菌   球壳孢目   生物学特性  

摘要： 利用培养基培养法和载片培养法,观察从猪毛蒿和牛蒡不同部位分离到的菌株菌落形态及孢子形态。结果表明,从猪毛蒿根部分离到球壳孢目茎点霉属真菌1株,从牛蒡茎部分离到球壳孢目叶点霉属真菌1株。

关键词： 5E教学模式   模型建构   教学设计  

摘要： 结合5E教学模式,通过开展绘图活动,尝试让学生以"种子植物"一课为例进行图像模型的自主建构。针对图像模型,学生经历从初步建立到逐步完善的绘制过程,并最终获得图像模型的本质,实现通过建构生物学图像模型理解相关生物学概念的目的。

摘要： The study of plant hormones is critical to understanding development, physiology and interactions of plants with their environment. Synthetic biology holds promise to provide a new perspective and shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of plant hormone action and propel the design of novel biotechnologies. With the recent adoption of synthetic biology in plant sciences, exciting first examples of successful tool development and their applications in the area of plant hormone research are emerging, paving the way for new cadres to enter this promising field of science.

关键词： light signalling   plant communication   plant ecology   plant evolution   volatile signalling  

摘要： Plants were traditionally seen as rather passive actors in their environment, interacting with each other only in so far as they competed for the same resources. In the last 30 years, this view has been spectacularly overturned, with a wealth of evidence showing that plants actively detect and respond to their neighbours. Moreover, there is evidence that these responses depend on the identity of the neighbour, and that plants may cooperate with their kin, displaying social behaviour as complex as that observed in animals. These plant-plant interactions play a vital role in shaping natural ecosystems, and are also very important in determining agricultural productivity. However, in terms of mechanistic understanding, we have only just begun to scratch the surface, and many aspects of plant-plant interactions remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the field of plant-plant interactions, covering the communal interactions of plants with their neighbours as well as the social behaviour of plants towards their kin, and the consequences of these interactions. We particularly focus on the mechanisms that underpin neighbour detection and response, highlighting both progress and gaps in our understanding of these fascinating but previously overlooked interactions.

关键词： phenolic compounds   HPLC   chemical defense   quercetin   kaempferol   myrcetin  

摘要： In terms of the domestication process in murtilla, studies have found changes in the concentration of phenolic compounds, with reduction of chemical defense of plants, depending on the change in the feeding behavior of insects. Thus, we hypothesized that the domestication of Ugni molinae decreases the content of phenolic compounds and modifies the feeding preference of Chilesia rudis larvae. Leaves of three parental ecotypes and four cultivated ecotypes were used in preference experiments to evaluate the mass gain and leaves consumption of larvae. Phenolic extracts from leaves of U. molinae were analyzed by HPLC. Identified compounds were incorporated in an artificial diet to assess their effect on mass gain, consumption, and survival of the larvae. The presence of phenolic compounds in bodies and feces was also evaluated. In terms of choice assays, larvae preferred parental ecotypes. Regarding compounds, vanillin was the most varied between the ecotypes in leaves. However, plant domestication did not show a reduction in phenolic compound concentration of the ecotypes studied. Furthermore, there was no clear relation between phenolic compounds and the performance of C. rudis larvae. Whether this was because of sequestration of some compounds by larvae is unknown. Finally, results of this study could also suggest that studied phenolic compounds have no role in the C. rudis larvae resistance in this stage of murtilla domestication process.

摘要： Apical hook formation protects fragile tissues of the hypocotyl in soil during seedling emergence. A new study reveals a positive feedback loop between asymmetric distribution of the hormone auxin and the cell wall pectin conformations underpinning cell elongation and tissue bending.