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关键词： Multiomics   Integration   Network topology   Systems biology   Host- microbe interaction   Plant immunity  

摘要： In the last two decades, advances in network science have facilitated the discovery of important systems' entities in diverse biological networks. This graph-based technique has revealed numerous emergent properties of a system that enable us to understand several complex biological processes including plant immune systems. With the accumulation of multiomics data sets, the comprehensive understanding of plant-pathogen interactions can be achieved through the analyses and efficacious integration of multidimensional qualitative and quantitative relationships among the components of hosts and their microbes. This review highlights comparative network topology analyses in plant-pathogen co-expression networks and interactomes, outlines dynamic network modeling for cell-specific immune regulatory networks, and discusses the new frontiers of single-cell sequencing as well as multiomics data integration that are necessary for unraveling the intricacies of plant immune systems.

摘要： A new study reports that self-incompatibility in Brassica triggers the production of stigmatic ROS that are responsible for the rejection of incompatible pollen.

关键词： 能力培养   《植物生物学实验》   实验教学   教学对策  

摘要： 实验课程可以反映学生对理论知识的实际掌握和应用情况,开展创新性实验教学是培养创新型人才的重要途径和方式。植物生物学是诸多高等院校重要的专业基础理论课程之一,而《植物生物学实验》是与其匹配的不可或缺的实践教学环节,对于学生实现从理论到实践的飞跃具有重大意义。为培养学生的综合素质,提高学生的创新能力,激发学生学习兴趣,改善实验教学效果^([1]),本文依据《植物生物学实验》教学现状,聚焦于学生能力培养目标,提出切实可行的教学改革对策,以期为高校实践教学类课程的开展以及创新型人才的培养提供参考。

关键词： PBL教学模式   植物的呼吸作用   核心素养   初中实验教学  

摘要： 本文呈现了植物呼吸作用实验教学中运用PBL教学模式的具体方法:从真实情境导入、发现问题到以问题驱动引导、学生自主合作探究,再到回归情境解决问题,通过探索和实践发现该模式在培养学生探究能力、科学思维和社会责任方面具有很好的效果。

关键词： 重楼   分子标记技术   种质资源   遗传多样性   转录组学  

摘要： 重楼是我国特有的名贵药材,具有重要的药用价值和开发前景。近年来,重楼分子生物学的研究涉及重楼分子鉴定、遗传多样性分析、基因组及转录组学等方面并取得一定成果。为促进重楼的推广应用,就重楼分子鉴定、遗传多样性分析及其基因组、转录组学的研究进展进行了总结与展望。

关键词： miORFs   miPEPs   miRNAs   Peptidome   pri-miRs   Regulation  

摘要： MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-23 nt) regulatory RNA molecules present in plants and animals which are known for regulating the mRNA target gene expression either by cleavage or translational repression. With the advancements in miRNAs research in plants towards their biogenesis and applications has directed the recent discovery of pri-miRNAs encoding functional peptides or microRNA peptides (miPEPs). These miPEPs are encoded by 5 ' of pri-miRs containing short ORFs (miORFs). miPEPs are known to enhance the activity of their associated miRNAs by increasing their accumulation and hence downregulating the target genes. Since miPEPs are very specific for each miRNA, they are considered as novel and effective tools for improving traits of interest for plant growth promotion and plant-microbe interaction. Entire peptidome research is the need of the hour. This review thus summarizes recent advancements in miPEP research and its applications as a technology with important agronomical implications with miRNAs augmentation.

关键词： Regulatory non-coding RNAs   Biogenesis   Degradation   IsomiRs   Stress response   Crop improvement  

摘要： Beyond the most crucial roles of RNA molecules as a messenger, ribosomal, and transfer RNAs, the regulatory role of many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in plant biology has been recognized. ncRNAs act as riboregulators by recognizing specific nucleic acid targets through homologous sequence interactions to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. Regulatory ncRNAs, ranging from small to long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), exert their control over a vast array of biological processes. Based on the mode of biogenesis and their function, ncRNAs evolved into different forms that include microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), miRNA variants (isomiRs), lncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), and derived ncRNAs. This article explains the different classes of ncRNAs and their role in plant development and stress responses. Furthermore, the applications of regulatory ncRNAs in crop improvement, targeting agriculturally important traits, have been discussed.

关键词： 观赏植物   花期调控   成花机理   基因工程  

摘要： 花期对于植物的观赏价值具有重要影响,调控观赏植物的花期对其开发推广和园林应用具有关键性的作用。近些年来,随着观赏植物成花分子机理的研究的逐渐深入,揭示了观赏植物花期调控的多条新途径,主要包括光周期途径、温度途径、赤霉素途径、自主途径和年龄途径等。本综述系统总结了观赏植物不同开花期调控途径的成花机理及其分子生物学研究进展,并对观赏植物花期调控的技术做了基础分析和展望,以期为植物花期调控的理论研究和技术方案提供参考。