关键词:
Salvia
sexual phases
nectar dynamics
breeding system
pollinator behaviour
摘要:
Aims Adaptive convergence in floral phenotype among plants sharing a pollinator guild has been acknowledged in the concept of pollination ***,many plants display traits associated with a given syndrome,but are visited by multiple *** situation may indicate the beginning of a pollinator shift or may result in a stable situation with adaptations to different *** Salvia stachydifolia,a previous study suggested that flower shape is optimized to maximize the contribution to pollination of bees and ***,we studied three additional aspects of its floral biology:sexual phases,nectar dynamics and breeding system,and examined their connection with pollinators’behaviour to explore the presence of adaptations to bee and/or hummingbird *** Using a greenhouse population,we applied five pollination treatments to characterize breeding *** determine sexual phases,we recorded flower opening,anther dehiscence,corolla fall and stigma ***,we characterized nectar volume and concentration dynamics along the ***,to determine pollinator assemblage and visitation patterns,we performed field observations and recorded pollinators’*** Findings Salvia stachydifolia was partially protandrous and self-compatible,but open-pollinated plants attained the highest reproductive success,suggesting that reproduction is mainly dependent on pollinator *** opifex bumblebees were the most frequent visitors,but Sappho sparganura hummingbirds dominated visits early in the morning and at *** was typical of bumblebee *** suggest that the bee–hummingbird mixed visitation constitutes an unstable evolutionary situation,making *** an ideal system to understand the ecological circumstances in which pollination shifts occur.