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关键词： Corn   Endosperm   Transgenic plants   Tomatoes   Ripening   Genes   Enzymes   Plant cells   Chemical composition  

关键词： 植物   生殖   发育   分子生物学  

摘要： 50年代以来由于分子生物学等有关学科的迅速发展,植物胚胎学正在由实验胚胎学,进一步发展成为植物细胞生物学、生物化学及分子遗传学等学科相结合的植物胚胎发育生物学。发育受遗传所控制,遗传特点又要通过发育展现出来,胚胎发育的每个阶段也都显示着遗传特点。胚胎学与遗传学研究关系密切。植物胚胎发育生物学的范畴广义地说包含着花的形成,雌雄配子体的发生,配子的形成,受精与亲和性,以及果实,种子等孢子体形成过程中结构与功能的关系,形态建成的生理与分子基础,以及遗传信息展现的时、空顺序等生殖发育的多个方面。

关键词： 植物学实验   生殖生物学   细胞工程  

关键词： BROMELIACEAE   DEMOGRAPHY   EPIPHYTES   PERU   POPULATION STRUCTURE   SOUTHERN FLORIDA   TILLANDSIA  

摘要： In comparing the population structure of epiphytic and saxicolous Tillandsia species I found no significant differences between polycarpic species. T. ionochroma populations had a higher seedling:adult ratio than saxicolous T. ionochroma populations, but the difference was not statistically significant. Tillandsia ultriculata, a monocarpic epiphyte, had a significantly higher seedling:adult ratio than the polycarpic species. T. utriculata's higher ratio may result from its greater seed production and lack of vegetative propagation. Unlike the polycarpic species, all adult-size rosettes grow from seeds in T. utriculata. Tillandsia sphaerocephala, an obligate saxicole, occurred in larger clusters (i.e. more rosettes per genet) than T. ionochroma. The increased tendency for vegetative reproduction in T. sphaerocephala suggests that spatial patchiness is less of a constraint than with epiphytes.

摘要： The aim of this paper is to show the need for developing plant population biology studies in order to improve weed management when traditional approaches in weed science have failed, as shown by recent reviews on herbicide resistance. It is also suggested that the usual weed definitions do not reflect the new aims of weed ecology. The results of studies on the genetic, demographic and spatial variability of weed populations and their regulation by pests and pathogens are reported, and are discussed in the specific case of clonal perennial species.

关键词： 苧麻   芦竹青   单纤维支数   纤维产量  

摘要： “1504”是从江西芦竹青的自然变异后代中选育出来的新品种。该品种在全国联合区域试验中比湖南芦竹青增产11. 4%,在省区试中与湖北细叶绿产量相当。在全国区试及省区试中,“1504”平均单纤维支数分别为2267和2236支,且多年试验证明“1504”的纤维支数均在1800支以上,是一个不可多得的高支品种。同时,“1504”还具抗炭疽病,抗旱、抗风等特点。

关键词： 病原细菌   寄主植物   吸附   生物学  

摘要： 对4个典型的病原细菌-寄主植物相互作用体系中病菌吸附的形式、过程和动力学作了介绍,评述了接触识别(病菌吸附)所表现出来的专化性和建立相互作用的意义。

关键词： female fertility   heterostyly   phenology   pollinator   Primula  

摘要： Abstract Intra‐population variations of several characteristics related to fertility were assessed for a nature‐reserve population of Primula sieboldii in the flood plain of the Arakawa River. Although there were large intra‐ and inter‐clonal variations of fruit and seed sets as well as other female fertility components in the 13 clones examined, female fertility was generally low, except in a homomorph clone. Pollinator availability was assessed by continuous monitoring of insect visits with 8 mm film. No insect visits were recorded during the monitoring of total 68 flowers over 16 hours in the nature‐reserve population. In contrast, a high pollinator visitation rate was recorded in a reference population of P. sieboldii on the flank of Mt. Yatugatake. Thus, the low rates of seed production in the nature reserve was due to a shortage of compatible pollens as a result of the limitation of pollinator availability. Stigmas of flowers in various clones occasionally were loaded with pollen grains whose sizes were not significantly different from those of anther pollens of the same flowers. However, pollen germination on stigmas was observed only in the flowers of a homo‐morph clone whose flowers have pin‐type stigmas and anthers with compatible thrum‐type pollens at the same height. Exceptionally high fertility of the homo‐morph clone would be associated with its inbreeding habit. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词： 植物生理学   分子生物学  

摘要： 分子生物学已成为近代生物学中发展最为迅速的一个学科,它的发展已对或正在对生命科学的各个分支学科产生深刻的影响。记得1977年在北京参加全国自然科学学科规划的制订及讨论时,国内不少同行已觉察到植物生理学除了在宏观方面与环境、生态等学科结合,朝向更为综合的方向发展外,由于分子生物学、细胞生物学和遗传学的发展,植物生理学正在进入一个新的发展阶段,人们已进入到可以在分子和细胞水平上认识植物生命活动的基本规律的时期。在过去的10年内,一门新的分枝学科植物分子生物学已经迅速成长起来。从国际上一些新刊的出版及老刊的更名也反映了这种发展趋势。