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关键词： 植物   雄性不育   特异性基因   杂种  

摘要： 本文着重介绍了花药和花粉发育过程中基因表达的特点和复杂性,花药和花粉的特异性基因以及特异性基因的调节等方面的研究进展,讨论了应用上述特异性基因的调节序列与一定的目的基因(如核糖核酸酶基因)构建的嵌合基因诱导植物雄性不育的前景和这种分子生物学方法在作物杂种优势利用过程中遇到的问题。

关键词： 小花异裂菊   生态生物特性   异裂菊属  

摘要： 小花异裂菊为我国珍稀濒危保护植物,目前仅知分布于广西阳朔县境内的石灰岩山上,种群个体数量很少,两个分布点共有六十四株,处亍濒危状态。本文对小花异裂菊的分布现状、生态环境和生物学特性作初步的报道,

关键词： 生物学特征   双子叶植物  

摘要： 本文报道了43科84属的双子叶植物种子具有光敏性休眠。多数光敏种子是小粒型的,种子结构类型以B型(直型胚)和C型(弯形胚)为主,分别占45％和20％。光敏种子通常有一层半透性膜质内种皮。风、水和钩附式是光敏种子的主要传播方式。光敏性种子休眠主要存在于草本植物中,其中石竹亚纲、菊亚纲、唇形亚纲拥有光敏种子的比例最高,分别是37％,23％和26％。在塔赫他间系统中光敏种子分布于每一亚纲中,其中木兰亚纲拥有的光敏种子最少,仅有4.8％。根据光敏种子在植物系统中的分布状况,可以认为它是一种较进化的休眠类型。光敏性休眠更完善了草本植物种子结构和传播方式,因此增加了草本植物在自然界的竞争力。

关键词： 生物学教学   九年制义务教育   教师教学用书   高中教学   植物学教学   教育生物学   生物教师   生物学基础知识   实验报告   基础教育司  

摘要： 1988年11月,国家教委基础教育司组织、领导生物学教学大纲调整小组,根据国家教委提出的对现行大纲进行调整的原则,结合我国当前初中和高中教学的实际情况,对生物学教学内容和教学要求作了调整,颁布了《九年制义务教育全日制初级中学生物学教学大纲(初审稿)》,并编写了配套的生物教科书、教师教学用书、学生练习册和实验报告册。

关键词： PLANT   HISTOCHEMISTRY   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY   DEVELOPMENT   PATTERNS   GENE EXPRESSION   REGULATION   INSITU HYBRIDIZATION   IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY  

摘要： This review considers some of the recent advances in the applications of molecular histochemical techniques to the analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression associated with differentiation and development in plant tissues. A range of methods is outlined, and those for tissue preparation and the isotopic and non-isotopic labelling of probes for in situ hybridization studies are discussed, taking account of the various approaches which can be used for the localization of specifically bound probes. An overview of some successful applications of molecular histochemistry includes the elucidation of the roles of homeotic genes in floral biology, the ontogeny and differentiation of the photosynthetic apparatus, and aspects of seed development, including storage protein gene regulation during embryogenesis.

关键词： Antarctic Regions   Antarctic Regions   Cell Division   Ozone   Phytoplankton/physiology   Phytoplankton/physiology   Phytoplankton/radiation effects   Phytoplankton/radiation effects   Seasons   Ultraviolet Rays   Ultraviolet Rays  

摘要： The springtime stratospheric ozone (O3) layer over the Antarctic is thinning by as much as 50 percent, resulting in increased midultraviolet (UVB) radiation reaching the surface of the Southern Ocean. There is concern that phytoplankton communities confined to near-surface waters of the marginal ice zone will be harmed by increased UVB irradiance penetrating the ocean surface, thereby altering the dynamics of Antarctic marine ecosystems. Results from a 6-week cruise (Icecolors) in the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea in austral spring of 1990 indicated that as the O3 layer thinned: (i) sea surface- and depth-dependent ratios of UVB irradiance (280 to 320 nanometers) to total irradiance (280 to 700 nanometers) increased and (ii) UVB inhibition of photosynthesis increased. These and other Icecolors findings suggest that O3-dependent shifts of in-water spectral irradiances alter the balance of spectrally dependent phytoplankton processes, including photoinhibition, photo-reactivation, photoprotection, and photosynthesis. A minimum 6 to 12 percent reduction in primary production associated with O3 depletion was estimated for the duration of the cruise.

关键词： 高等植物   性别表达   分子生物学  

摘要： 性别表达的分子生物学研究始于80年代中期,这与日益完善的分子生物学方法(cDNA克隆技术,差异杂交技术和原位杂交技术)紧密相联系着。进行性别表达的分子生物学研究一般要按照下列的程序及方法进行,即先建立一个较好的、易于控制的实验系统(这个实验系统可以是了解其遗传背景的,也可以是不了解其遗传背景的),然后在利用电泳技术(单相及双相)检测出特异蛋白存在的基础上,建立基因库(cDNA库和基因文库),利用差异杂交技术,找到有关于性别表达的相应基因。在此基础上,再进行这些基因的调控元件和序列分析工作,找到性别表达调控的分子机制。目前已在至少九种植物中克隆或分离鉴定了一些与性别表达相联系的基因,并且已经明确:性别表达的过程是一个时空调控的性别决定基因的差异表达过程,是一个“累积”的过程而不是一个“全或无”的过程。

关键词： DEMOGRAPHY   MOWING   SOD CUTTING   GRAZING   GENETIC VARIATION  

关键词： BIOCONTROL   PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS   WEEVILS, WEEDS  

摘要： The biology of the weevil Bangasternus fausti (Reitter), the larvae of which live in the flowerheads of Centaurea diffusa (De Lamarck) and some related Centaurea spp., was studied in the field and in the laboratory in northern Greece and in the laboratory in Rome, Italy. The species is univoltine and overwinters as adults. Under laboratory conditions adults lived up to 90 days and up to 359 eggs were deposited by a single female (n = 18). The maximum number of eggs laid by a female per day was 12 and the maximum number of days a female laid eggs was 73. Generally, there is only one larva per seedhead. One-hundred percent seed destruction was recorded in 18.7 % of 502 field collected seedheads, each with one B. fausti egg. The average mortality of the species, from egg to adult, was 94.4 % in the field during 1988 (n = 200) and 95.8 % during 1987 (n = 502).

关键词： 植物生理学∶分子生物学   分子生物学∶植物生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)7030028902

摘要： 中国科学院科学出版基金资助项目:本书是40余位植物生理学家根据长期研究经验,结合国外最新进展撰写而成。包括细胞生理、光合作用、生物固氮、生长发育、植物激素、逆境生理、植物病理、物质运输等分支学科的内容。