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关键词： 植物学实验室   植物生物学   高师植物学   青年教师   实验室建设   开放实验室   仪器设备   发展方向   体化管理   高等师范院校  

摘要： 高师植物学实验室的改革与探索于丽杰高等师范院校生物系的植物实验室既是重要的基础课实验室，又是重要的专业课实验室。几十年来，我国高师植物学实验室一直保待着原苏联高等师范院校承袭下来的模式。这种呆板的模式，同我国改革开放后迅速发展的经济形势以及国际植物学...

关键词： 柄扁桃   生物学特性   引种栽培  

摘要： 通过研究发现柄扁桃具有典型旱生植物的形态结构特征。同时，在生理特征上也与旱生环境相适应。因此，在沙区引种栽培柄扁桃是可行的。柄扁桃的繁殖主要采用播种法，利用沙藏催芽法处理种子，树苗当年可出圃造林。沙地造林采用植前造林法，将株高４０—１００ｃｍ的健壮苗在春季栽植于平缓的沙地、沙丘迎风坡下部或丘间地等风蚀轻、水分条件好的沙地。

关键词： 红豆杉属   南方红豆杉   保护生物学   抗癌植物  

摘要： 论述了抗癌植物南方红豆杉的经济价值，理论研究意义，以及近几年来由于过度的利用和开发，造成了资源的浪费和该物种处于濒危状态。

关键词： 红豆杉科   穗花杉   生物学特性   保护措施  

摘要： 穗花杉（Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ　ａｒｇｏｔａｅｎｉａ（Ｈａｎｃｅ）Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）属于红豆杉科穗花杉属，为我国特有树种；现正处在濒危状态，已被列为国家三级保护植物。本文比较系统地综述了穗花杉的生物学特性，包括其外部形态、内部结构、化学成分、地理分布、生长特性、生态学和群落特性等。关于穗花杉的系统位置，一直争论不休，作者简述了各种分类观点后，根据上述特性分析结果，支持将稳花杉放于红豆杉科中并与榧树属同族的主张。最后，文章分析了可能引起穗花杉濒危的原因，并提出了两点保护措施。

关键词： 决明属   根瘤菌   生物学特性  

摘要： 调查了广东地区１０种Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物结瘤状况，仅山扁豆（Ｃ．ｍｉｍｏｓｏｉｄｅｓ）和圆叶决明（Ｃ．ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｌｉａ）结瘤，从山扁豆和圆叶决明各分离到１株根瘤菌并鉴定为慢生型．在所试的１０种Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物中，２株Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物根瘤菌除了与山扁豆和圆叶决明结瘤外，均不与其余８种Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物结瘤；同样，３株蝶形花科植物根瘤菌和３株含羞草科植物根瘤菌除了与山扁豆和圆叶决明结瘤外，也均不与其余８种Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物结瘤．此外，２株Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物根瘤菌均能与所试５种蝶形花科和４种含羞草科植物结瘤．２株Ｃａｓｓｉａ植物根瘤菌在碳源利用、耐盐性、耐酸碱度及５种酶的活性等特性方面，与３株蝶形花科植物根瘤菌和３株含羞草科植物根瘤菌极为相似．

关键词： Western Australia   Epacridaceae   phytogeography   biology   pollination   dispersal   conservation   disease  

摘要： The Epacridaceae of Western Australia comprise 181 named species distributed in 17 genera. One hundred and seventy seven species (98 % of the total) and ten genera are endemic to the region. Within Western Australia, all members are confined to the south, with a bimodal pattern of species diversity centred on the sandplains and uplands around the Stirling Ranges and Mount Lesueur. Leucopogon, the largest genus, reflects this pattern, however, species diversity is greatest on the south coastal sandplains. All species are woody shrubs, mostly found on neutral or acidic sandy soils. Plants of al least 120 species are killed by fire;Astroloma contains the only significant number of resprouting species. Although some species are in flower every month every year, autumn/winter flowering is a common feature of many members of the family. All species are biotically pollinated. Bird pollination is found in 18 species in six genera. The remaining species are insect pollinated. Bees are the major pollinators in Leucopagon, Conostephium and Coleanthera. Moths and butterflies are important pollinators in Andersonia, Leucopogon, Lysinema and Styphelia. Flies are minor pollinators of some species of Andersonia, Leucopogon and Monotoca. All species studied are protandrous and outbreeding, with only Cosmelia being capable of self pollination. Fruits are fleshy in Astroloma, Brachyloma, Croninia, in certain species of Leucopogon and Styphelia and are animal dispersed. Other genera have dry, dehiscent fruit with gravity or wind dispersed seeds. Many species have relatively narrow distribution ranges, 90 species having ranges of over 300 km, 54 species have ranges of 100-300 km and 37 have ranges of less than 100 km (and there are many undescribed species in this group). The conservation status of many species is still poorly known. Dieback disease is a major threat to the family, and could cause the extinction of several species in the wild. (C) 1996 Annals of Botany Company

关键词： 植物病害   病原菌   植物种群生物学  

摘要： 病原菌在自然植物种群中普遍存在，其对寄主植物的生长发育，对寄主植物种群的大小、结构、动态、遗传和进化等都有重要影响。本文着重论述：１）病原菌对寄主植物个体的影响；２）病原菌对寄主植物种群生物学的影响；３）菌病发生的空间格局；４）病原菌感染的种群模型。

关键词： 猕猴桃   植物学特征   生物学特性  

摘要： 观测了猕猴桃属４１个种或变种、变型及２个种间杂交后代的幼苗、成年植株、花器、果实及种子等的植物学特征及物候期、开花结果习性等生物学特性，为该属植物的系统发育、杂交育种选择亲本、定向培育以及制定相应的栽培技术措施等研究提供了科学依据．

关键词： abscisic acid   cold acclimation   drought   frost tolerance   low temperature  

摘要： In many temperate plant species, a period of exposure to a low positive temperature will acclimate the plants to withstand a subsequent freezing stress, A number of plant genes, which are up-regulated at steady-state mRNA levels by an acclimation treatment, have been isolated from both monocotyledon and dicotyledon species, Most of these genes are also responsive to a drought treatment and/or abscisic acid, The acclimation of plants to freezing stress is a complex process and although genetic studies in some species have identified genes with a major effect, in general, the inheritance of frost tolerance is multigenic, In view of this, it is not surprising that a range of different genes have been cloned, The precise function of the proteins encoded by these genes is unknown, However, analysis of predicted protein products and studies of recombinant proteins, together with detailed expression studies, are beginning to provide information about some of the genes, Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls have been shown to be involved in the expression of these genes, Although studies of RNA stabilizing systems are still in their early stages, a number of low temperature responsive promoters have been studied using reporter gene constructs, Other approaches to the molecular analysis of cold acclimation include the isolation of non-acclimating mutants and the production of transgenic plants.