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关键词： 植物区系   间断分布   分子生物学方法  

摘要： 间断分布是表明两个植物区系曾经具有很深的渊源关系.利用同动酶和叶绿体 DNA 分子的分析技术,能直接测定替代种对之间基因分歧的量,并换算成替代种对隔离的时间,其结果与化石的年代具有高度一致性.分子数据有助于精确地说明现代避难所中孑遗植物和第三纪祖先的亲缘关系,重建现代孑遗植物区系的演化,以及它们从第三纪到现代的植被迁移路线.

关键词： 沙冬青属   植物   开花期   生物学特性  

摘要： 沙冬青,为豆科强度旱生常绿灌木,沙质及沙砾质荒漠建群植物,仅两种。在亚洲中部旱生植物区系中属第三世残遗种。其花大、色艳,花期较长,衬之以绿色的植丛,在早春光秃的荒漠景观中尤为引人注目,是颇具观赏价值的野生花灌木资源。

关键词： 八角莲属   生物学特性   生态   小檗科  

摘要： 本文对蛾眉山八角莲属植物的种类分布、生境和生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,①蛾眉山八角莲属植物5种1变种,原始及变异类型分布集中;②种间垂直替代现象明显,对于阴湿环境及肥沃、酸性、多砾质土壤环境反应出一定程度的共同要求;③不同种类在生长节律、特性、花粉育性、花粉发芽条件以及自然繁殖能力等方面存在一定差别;④人工根插繁殖可提高本属植物的繁殖系数。

关键词： 植物   抗寒性   脱落酸   基因工程  

摘要： 本文综述了植物抗寒研究在分子水平上的某些最新进展.在植物抗寒力发育过程中,其内源脱落酸(ABA)水平提高,基因表达改变,冷驯化诱导蛋白质产生,冷调节基因得到分离和克隆。讨论了冷驯化诱导蛋白、冷调节基因的可能功能;利用外源极地鱼类的抗冻蛋白基因进行遗传操作得到转基因植株,抗冻蛋白基因在西红柿等植物中表达以及植物抗寒基因工程的前景.

关键词： 考氏白盾蚧   生物学   花卉   林木  

摘要： 考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley)又名广菲盾蚧、椰子拟轮蚧等,属同翅目、蚧总科、盾蚧科。是危害林木和花卉的重要害虫,随着园林绿化和温室花卉迅速发展,山东省观赏植物上考氏白盾蚧的危害日趋严重。雌成虫和若虫寄生在叶片、绿茎或枝上。

关键词： CALCIUM   CELLULAR SIGNALING   CYTOSOLIC PH   ELECTROCHEMICAL ION GRADIENTS   ION-SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES   MEMBRANE TRANSPORT  

摘要： The exact ion gradients across cellular membranes and their changes due to metabolic or transport processes can be best studied with the use of ion-selective microelectrodes. The last decade of research using ion-selective microelectrodes in intact cells has proven this technique to be indispensable for the investigation of a variety of physiological questions of regulatory processes, membrane transport, cellular signalling, developmental biology and plant nutrition. Their application to selected problems has led to numerous exciting observations, many of which have changed our view concerning cellular responses to environmental stimuli and in many instances have led to a new understanding of plant cell physiology. Since, with these electrodes, intracellular as well as extracellular free ion concentrations can be simultaneously detected with electrical transport parameters such as membrane potential and membrane conductance, they can be powerful tools in the hands of many plant cell biologists.

关键词： AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS   BIOLISTICS   CO-SUPPRESSION   COTRANSFORMATION   ELECTROPORATION   EPISTASIS   GENE SILENCING   SOMACLONAL VARIATION   TRANSFORMATION  

摘要： The DNA delivery systems which are routinely used to introduce genes into crop plants are Agrobacterium tumefaciens, electroporation and particle bombardment. The differences and similarities between these different transformation techniques are outlined. The influence of the cell biological approach, and more specifically the impact of the state of the plant cell at the moment of transformation, on the genotype and phenotype of the regenerated transgenic plant is analysed. In this respect phenomena such as position effects, gene silencing, co-suppression, epistasis, co-transformation and somaclonal variation are discussed. The relevance of these factors for plant breeders is discussed.

关键词： 植物生理学   分子生物学   Ross   Salisbury   主编   编辑人员  

摘要： 前几年,较少看到国外新的植物生理学教材面世,即使出版了的,与原来的教材相比内容上也较少突破。但去年来,有好几本植物生理教材面世,其中如由Salisbury和Ross主编的Plant Physiology(第四版,1992);由Taiz和Zeiger主编的Plant Physiology(1991);由捷克Sebanek等主编的Plant Physiology(1991)等。在这些教材中都写入了当前植物