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关键词： 植物生物学   教材   植物学   课程内容   教学改革  

关键词： 功能基因组学   遗传学方法   分子生物学方法   中国科学院   遗传研究   结构基因组学   拟南芥   高等植物   基因表达调控   植物激素  

关键词： 梨   地方梨   生物学性状   植物学特性  

摘要： １河南梨河南梨属高大乔木，２０年生成年树树高１０ｍ。一年生枝黄褐色，皮孔稀而细。叶片阔卵圆形。叶基圆，叶关突尖，叶尖向一边扭曲，叶缘锯齿细而稀，与叶夹角约３６°；叶宽８．４ｃｍ，叶长１２．６ｃｍ；叶柄长４．３ｃｍ，叶柄粗０．１７ｃｍ。每花序有５—９朵小花，花径３．３ｃｍ；花丝数目２３—２５枚，花丝长１．７５ｃｍ；花柱数目５枚，长０．７５ｃｍ，花柱基部联合上部分离；花瓣５片，白色。河南梨果大，最大单果重５００ｇ，果心小；果昧甜，有香味；肉质脆，石细胞少，可溶性固形物１３．２％；果实圆锥形，果顶稍小，果基部大，果硬长２．２ｃｍ；果皮硬而粗，呈黄白色；果点大，分布较稀。耐藏性好，农家简易贮藏期超过一

关键词： 植物进化生物学   染色体显带技术   进化关系   植物物种   形态变异  

摘要： 染色体显带技术对了解植物属下等级分类、种下变异和分化的原因，多倍体起源和居群分化等问题，起着十分重要的作用．本文阐述了染色体显带技术的发展史。

关键词： 保护生物学   濒危植物   木根麦冬   居群生态   繁殖生态   遗传结构   多样性  

摘要： 该研究从种群生态、生殖生物学特性和遗传结构与多样性等方面对濒危植物木根麦冬 (Ophiopogon xylorrhizus Wang et Tai)进行了的研究.从不同的侧面阐明了木根麦 冬的生物学特性,分析了这些特性与其濒危状况之间的关系.综合分析了木根麦冬可 能致危的因素,提出了全面的策略与具体措施.

关键词： 基因组工程   植物生物学   维生素  

关键词： 拟南芥   实验材料   植物发育   分子生物学  

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana   GFP   nucleus   D35S promoter   CoYMV promoter   KAT1 promoter  

摘要： We present a characterization of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants expressing a chimeric gene comprising the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequences, fused to an efficient nuclear localization signal (NLS). The transgenic plants accumulate the fusion protein in their nuclei, and this provides a novel phenotype, that of green-fluorescent nuclei. The fluorescent nuclei are readily observed using conventional epifluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We describe the use of this phenotype for in vivo studies of nuclear shape and movement, cell division, and for analysis of the transcriptional activities of constitutive and tissue-specific promoters. We propose that the phenotype of fluorescent nuclei will prove particularly valuable in histological, physiological and developmental studies of higher plants that require the facile observation of nuclei within living cells and in the absence of fixation or external staining. (C) 1999 Annals of Botany Company.

关键词： 碳水化合物代谢   载体蛋白质类/化学   载体蛋白质类/代谢   植物/代谢   蛋白质构象   构效关系  

摘要： Sugar transporters are key players in many fundamental processes in plant growth and development. Recent results have identified several new transporters that contribute to a wide array of physiological activities, and detailed molecular analysis has provided exciting insights into the structure and regulation of these essential membrane proteins.

关键词： aquaporin   hydraulic conductivity   major intrinsic protein   osmotic flow   water channel   water permeability  

摘要： Over the last decade, considerable advances have occurred in understanding the molecular biology and biophysics of water permeation across plant membranes and tissues. Spurred on by the rapid advances in cloning and functional characterization of a superfamily of major intrinsic proteins, some of which function as aquaporins, the biophysics of transport of water and small non-electrolytes across plant membranes is being re-examined based on the proposed function of these membrane-integral proteins in their native membranes. This review focuses on a number of issues that are central to an understanding of aquaporin function: (1) the need to be able to test for water-channel activity in native membranes;(2) the implications of the observed solute/water selectivity of aquaporins;(3) the putative functional roles of aquaporins at the cell, tissue and organ levels in plants;and (4) information that can be obtained from studies of the abundance, diversity and expression patterns of aquaporins. It is clear that to answer many of the critical questions that remain concerning aquaporin function, combined studies using appropriate molecular and biophysical techniques will be required.