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关键词： 植物   分子生物学   生物技术  

关键词： 克隆测序   转基因技术   生物碱   贝母  

摘要： 该论文总结了前人对贝母的研究工作,尤其是近15年来对贝母的分类、中药贝母的鉴定、贝母的组织培养、鳞茎生长发育机理、化学和药理等方面的工作.对Fritillaria属18个种及作为外类群的Lilium属一种Liliumlancifolium进行了总DNA的提取和5S-rRNA基因间区的PCR扩增和测序.以***和***为例进行了Southernblotting分析,根据所测定出的两种贝母5S-rRNA基因间区的碱基序列,分别设计了探针CB1和ZB1,CB1可以和***杂交,ZB1可以和***杂交.对蒲圻贝母进行了毛状根的诱导试验,以其鳞茎为外植体,以发根农杆菌15834进行感染诱导出了毛状根.对从***鳞茎中提取的蒲贝多糖和贝母生物碱进行了药理作用的初步研究,发现蒲贝多糖有类似NGF的作用,可以使PC12的轴突伸长,但作用效果要弱得多.通过转基因技术将M<,1>和M<,2>受体的基因分别导入HEK293细胞中构建了分子水平筛选M<,1>受体激动剂和M<,2>受体拮抗剂的细胞模型,用CytosensorMicrophysiometerSytem测定加药后细胞外环境的pH变化.

ISBN: (纸本)7030086082

关键词： 植物   体细胞   胚胎   分子生物学   CT   S095502   植物   CT   S073645   体细胞   CT   S056478   胚胎   CT   S021713   分子生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7030079434

关键词： 植物生物学   研讨会   教学改革   教育改革  

ISBN: (纸本)7040086980

关键词： 药用植物种子   长命种子   隔年  

关键词： Aegiceras   allozyme   genetic structure   ISSR mangrove   outcrossing rate  

摘要： Mangroves consist of a group of taxonomically diverse species representing about 20 families of angiosperms. However, little is known about their reproductive biology, genetic structure, and the ecological and genetic factors affecting this structure. Comparative studies of various mangrove species are needed to fill such gaps in our knowledge. The pollination biology outcrossing rate, and genetic diversity of Aegiceras corniculatum were investigated in this study. Pollination experiments suggested that the species is predominantly pollinator-dependent in fruit setting. A quantitative analysis of the mating system was performed using progeny arrays assayed for intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The multilocus outcrossing rate (t(m)) was estimated to be 0.653 in a wild population. Both allozyme and ISSR were used to investigate genetic variation within and among populations. The combined effects of founder events and enhanced local gene now through seedling dispersal by ocean currents apparently played an important role in shaping the population genetic structure in this mangrove species. Both allozyme variation (P = 4.76%, A = 1.05, H-E= 0.024) and ISSR diversity (P = 16.18%, A = 1.061, H-E = 0.039) were very low at the species level, in comparison with other woody plants with mixed-mating or outcrossing systems. Gene differentiation among populations was also low: allozyme G(ST) = 0.106 and ISSR G(ST) = 0.178. The unusually high genetic identities (0.997 for allozyme and 0.992 for ISSR loci), however, suggest that these populations are probably all descended from a common ancestral population with low polymorphism.

关键词： Pollinating insects   Anthers   Inflorescences   Pollination   Seed viability   Pollen   Fruits   Seed germination  

摘要： Flowering pattern, flowering phenology, and mating system of the closely-related, interfertile species Penstemon tenuiflorus and P. hirsutus are the same. Flowers are protandrous, but there is some overlap of anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity. Additionally, flowers of different sexual phases are scattered throughout an inflorescence. Primary pollinators of both species were Bombus pennsylvanicus and B. bimaculatus. Outcrossed plants of P. tenuiflorus (studied in both field and greenhouse) and of P. hirsutus (studied in greenhouse only) produced significantly more seeds than selfed plants. In a greenhouse study, bagged, self-pollinated plants of both species produced significantly more seeds than bagged, nonmanipulated ones. However, although number of seeds produced by bagged, self-pollinated plants of P. tenuiflorus in a field study (P. hirsutus not studied) was greater than that produced by bagged, nonmanipulated plants, the differences were not significant. In both species, there was little or no difference in weight or in percent viability in outcrossed vs. selfed seeds, and very few or no seeds were produced by bagged, emasculated flowers. In the field, number of seeds produced by nonbagged, nonmanipulated and by nonbagged, cross-pollinated (by hand) plants of P. tenuiflorus did not differ significantly (P. hirsutus not studied). Neither percent seed germination nor seedling-juvenile growth parameters differed between selfed vs. outcrossed progeny of P. tenuiflorus (P. hirsutus not studied). These results suggest that both species use a mixed mating system consisting of xenogamy, geitonogamy, and autogamy;agamospermy is unimportant. Further, seed set in P. tenuiflorus is not pollinator limited (P. hirsutus not studied), and the species does not appear to exhibit inbreeding depression in seed weight, in seed germination, or in several growth parameters. However, in both species, selfed flowers produced significantly fewer seeds than outcrossed flowers.