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关键词： abscisic acid   aleurone cells   alpha-amylase   dehydrin   gibberellin   plant growth regulator  

摘要： Biological activities of an abscisic acid (ABA) analog, RCA-7a [1-(3-carboxyl-5-methylphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexene], carrying a phenyl group in the side chain are reported. (+)-RCA-7a was approximately 3-fold less active than (+)-ABA in the inhibition of alpha-amylase induction by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) in embryo-less barley grains. In aleurone layers, RCA-7a inhibited GA(3)-induced alpha-amylase mRNA accumulation and induced the accumulation of dehydrin mRNA, but less effectively than ABA. It also activated a dehydrin gene promoter in barley aleurone protoplast transient assays. A higher concentration of RCA-7a than ABA was required for similar levels of inhibition of the growth of cress plants at 1 week after sowing;however, RCA-7a remained effective for at least 3 weeks. In contrast, ABA rapidly lost its effectiveness and became less effective than RCA-7a by 3 weeks. RCA-7a also significantly retarded the growth of rice plants. These greenhouse pot experiments showed that RCA-7a had more useful characteristics than ABA for practical applications. These and our previous results indicate that RCA-7a has an ABA-like activity in various biological processes in plants and has potential as a novel plant growth regulator.

关键词： Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada   reallocations exercise   plant biology   food science   biotechnology   fundamental research  

摘要： The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) recently announced a plan to undertake a "reallocations exercise" designed to provide support for new initiatives and emerging fields of research in a period of fiscal restraint. NSERC's Grant Selection Committees (GSC) were instructed to establish committees charged with preparing reports that respond to the question "Why is it important for Canada that your research community should receive some of the funds available for reallocation?" The Plant Biology and Food Science Grant Selection Committee (GSC03) responded by striking a committee representing the breadth of research it supports. Extensive input was obtained from the scientific community through a web site and electronic discussion group. A discussion document was then prepared and distributed to 34 "consultants" representing NSERC-funded researchers and leaders in the agricultural, food, and forest industries. After refining the report, a second draft was circulated to more than 90 scientists for further review. This process provided us with a collective "vision" of our discipline that focuses on the importance of fundamental research, guided by excellence, innovation through multidisciplinary approaches, international leadership potential, and relevance to Canada and Canadians. To achieve this vision, NSERC must introduce a strategy to attract, train, and retain our best young minds, establish a broad, realistic funding base, and create opportunities for more interaction among disciplines. Six specific recommendations were put forward to achieve these goals with a total request for $15.3 million in reallocated and new money. If funded, this initiative will provide GSC03 researchers with the support required to generate the ideas, communicate the insights, develop the skills, and educate the personnel that will be essential for Canada's participation in the biotechnology revolution that is transforming global agriculture, food, and for

关键词： 分子生物学   抗病基因   抗病机制   植物  

摘要： 从植物在分子水平上对植物抗病机制、抗病基因克隆及遗传转化三个方面，综述了国内外在植物抗病分子生物学研究的进展。

关键词： 植物环境   空间条件   生命科学  

摘要： 本文从植物生物学的角度来讨论植物与环境的关系，概述植物对环境的反应和适应；受控条件下的植物生物学和作物生产；空间生命科学的研究等一些当前受人关注的问题。

关键词： 百合   传粉   杂交育种  

摘要： 对百合属（Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ）１０种植物的自花传粉和种间传粉进行了初步观察分析，结果为：轮叶百合、有斑渥丹、王百合及毛百合自花不孕。川百合和条叶百合同株异花授粉的亲和性好于同花授粉的亲和性。在常规授粉条件下，种间授粉亲和性与形态学亲缘关系不完全一致。在１３组杂交组合中，同是卷瓣组的细叶百合和垂花百合，正反交分别得到１６％和２５％的有胚种子；同为钟花组的毛百合和有斑渥丹，正反交均不座果；卷瓣组的条叶百合×百合组的王百合得到１２％的有胚种子，种子发芽率６４％；轮叶百合（轮叶组）×王百合得到８２％的有胚种子，种子发芽率８５％。

关键词： 分化进化   进化生态学   分子生物学技术   环境污染  

摘要： 全球性的环境污染一定程度上改变了自然地理环境，使植物种群面临一个全新环境．污染敏感种逐渐消失，抗性种质被保存并得以进化．因此，植物的分化进化研究成为进化生态学的重要领域．同工酶、ＲＦＬＰ、ＰＣＲ、ＲＡＰＤ等分子生物学技术已成为重要研究手段并广泛应用于植物抗性进化研究中．

摘要： The influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile Ferrero on the encyrtid parasitoid Apoanngyrus lopezi De Santis was studied in the laboratory. Four different host plants were used: two cultivars of cassava, Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), cv. Incoza and cv. MM79;Faux caoutchouc, a hybrid of M. esculenta x M glaziovii;and talinum Talinum triangularae (Portulacaceae), a common weed in cassava fields. Plants were selected for different levels of antibiotic resistance to P. manihoti. Mealybug mortality due to host feeding by the adult parasitoid and the percentage of mealybugs parasitized were significantly lower when mealybugs were reared on the Manihot cultivars and hybrid than when reared on talinum. However, the encapsulation rate was significantly lower in P. manihoti reared on talinum. The highest percentage parasitism and the lowest rate of emergence were recorded on cv. Incoza, the most resistant Manihot cultivar. The sex ratio did not vary significantly with the host plant used. The total developmental time and size of male and female progeny of A. lopezi differed significantly between P. manihoti reared on different host plants. Among Manihot plants, parasitoid size was positively correlated with development time and negatively with plant resistance. Results suggest that the parasitoid, A. lopezi, might perform better if cassava cultivars were selected for their strong antixenosis but low antibiotic characteristics.

关键词： 植物分子生物学   生物技术   匈牙利  

摘要： 匈牙利植物分子生物学、生物技术发展概况及主要成果介绍１．发展概况匈牙利的生物学研究一直紧跟世界研究步伐，特别在植物学方面。早在七十年代，在匈牙利南部省塞格德成立了属匈科院的生物研究中心（ＢＲＣ），从此植物生理学研究成为匈优先发展领域。不久，由ＧＡＢＯ...

关键词： plant defense   proteinase inhibitors   systemic wound signaling   Solanaceae  

摘要： Prosystemin is the precursor protein of the 18 amino acid wound signal systemin which activates systemic defense in tomato leaves against insect herbivores (McGurl B, Pearce G, Orozco-Cardenas M, Ryan CA, Science 255 (1993) 1570-1573) Here Wp report thp isolation nf cDNA sequences encoding prosystemin from potato (Solanum tuberosum) black nightshade, (S. nigrum), and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) all members of the Solanaceae family, using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pairwise comparisons of the predicted prosystemin proteins from the three species with tomato prosystemin and among each other indicated sequence identities ranging from 73% to 88%. The deduced systemin polypeptides were synthesized and tested for their capacities to induce the synthesis of the defensive proteinase inhibitors in tomato leaves. Potato and pepper systemins were approximately as active as tomato systemin, whereas nightshade systemin was ten-fold less active. The accumulation of proteinase inhibitor mRNA transcripts could be induced in each of these plants by treatment with the homologous systemin. As in the tomato, in potato, black nightshade, and bell pepper plants, prosystemin homologs appear to function as precursors of systemic wound signals.

ISBN: (纸本)704006894X