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关键词： similarity measures   equilibrium theory   Lake Erie Archipelago   flora   conservation biology   island biogeography  

摘要： Using a compiled list of the vascular flora for 21 islands in the western basin of Lake Erie, Preston's resemblance measure and Connor and Simberloff's Null Hypothesis I were applied to native and alien species subsets in order to examine how these findings fit within the equilibrium theory. Based on Preston's measure, it was found that the similarity of species between island pairs was more likely to fit with MacArthur and Wilson's equilibrium theory when native species were considered than when alien species were considered. Native species have restricted distributions - especially those found on the smaller islands and appear to be less randomly distributed about the islands. This study also found that a large component of the alien flora is widespread in its distribution, and appears to be randomly distributed among most of the islands.

关键词： 酸模属植物,生物学特性,生理学特性,生产性能  

摘要： 本实验对酸模属几种饲用植物种及生态型的生物学、生理学及生产特 性进行了研究。 研究结果表明，酸模属不同种间、不同生态型间存在明显差异，杂交 酸模-鲁梅克斯K-1具有明显的生长优势，主要表现在生育期较长、千粒重 较高、叶面积较大、生物产量较高，各项指标均高于其父本天山酸模和母 本的不同生态型。 生理学特性的研究结果表明，杂交酸模-鲁梅克斯K-1具有明显的生理 优势，主要表现在光合速率、叶绿素含量、组织含水量均较高，为其优质 高产的生产性能奠定了生理基础。 酸模属饲用植物同工酶多态性与相似性的研究结果表明，酸模属植物 种间、生态型间、器官间存在明显的多态性差异。同工酶技术可以作为鉴 定种、生态型、和品种的有效方法。同工酶相似性的研究结果表明、杂交 酸模-鲁梅克斯K-1与新疆采集的巴天酸模(4901)和天山酸模(4903)在 过氧化物酶的同工酌酶谱具有较高的相似性，与新疆采集的巴天酸模 (49O3)在酯酶同工酶谱具有较大的相似性；而与内豪古地区采集的巴天 酸模的相似性效小。 酸模属同工酶活性的测定结果和相关分折结果表明生长越旺盛的部 位，其同工酶的活性超强，生长发育时期一般地上部酶活性高于地下部、 过氧化物酶活性高于酯酶活性。

关键词： 植物抗病基因   策略   功能   展望  

摘要： 本文对植物抗病基因克隆策略及其可能功能。

关键词： 植物修复   重金属   抗性机制  

摘要： 随着现代化工业的发展 ,全球向土壤和环境中排放的重金属逐年增加。重金属污染已日益成为威胁人类健康和影响人类生活质量的严重环境问题和社会问题。这一问题可部分通过植物修复技术得以解决。植物修复技术是依据植物从环境中积累重金属元素和化合物的能力及其将这些有毒物质在植物体内代谢成无毒生物小分子的能力而建立的新的生物技术。本篇综述主要论及利用植物修复技术解决重金属污染的生物学机制。

关键词： biosynthesis   cytochrome P450   flavonoid   isoflavonoid   phytoalexin   plant-microbe interaction   symbiotic signal  

摘要： Flavonoids are common to most vascular plants and are postulated to be involved in a number of plant functions. Leguminous plants are intriguing materials for studies on flavonoids for several reasons. First, legumes produce flavonoids with specific chemical structures i.e. isoflavonoids and 5-deoxy(iso)flavonoids. Second, leguminous flavonoids are postulated to play important roles both as defensive compounds against pathogenic microorganisms and as chemical signals in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Third, as constituents of food and forage, leguminous flavonoids have striking biological activity in humans and animals. This article reviews the chemical structure, biological activity, and biosynthesis of leguminous flavonoids. Recent achievements in the identification and characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, which play important roles in (iso) flavonoid biosynthesis, are also introduced. Perspectives of molecular genetic studies on flavonoids with the model legume are discussed.

关键词： Savanna   cerrado   pollination   breeding system   guilds   community ecology  

摘要： The flowering phenology, pollination biology and breeding systems of tree and shrub species were studied in a 40 h area of cerrado vegetation in Central Brazil. The cerrados are Neotropical savanna plant formations in Central Brazil. They represent the second most important vegetation province in Brazil and are nowadays the main agricultural frontier which has resulted in deforestation rates much higher than those occurring in lowland tropical forests. Despite the marked winter/dry - summer/wet seasonality, different species were encountered in flower throughout the year, although with a peak at the end of the dry season. Seven pollination guilds were identified, ranging from very small insects (body size less than 5 mm) to bats, but bee pollination was predominant, and overall pollination biology of the cerrado community was similar to that reported for evergreen neotropical forests. Most species were outbreeding in that self-pollinations yielded very few fruits, but heteromorphic and homomorphic self-incompatibility were rare and control of selfing was commonly exercised by ill-defined post-zygotic mechanisms. The results indicated that the reproductive biology of woody cerrado species is not markedly different from other tropical forest communities and suggested the adaptation to seasonal habitats did not always lead to simplification or changes in breeding features of the cerrado species.

关键词： Compost plants   Recycling (Waste, etc.)   Waste management  

摘要： Research, design and planning professionals provide significant insights to advance organics recovery in Europe. Part 1

关键词： BREMIA   LEAFY spurge  

摘要： Spurgia capitigena (Bremi) was evaluated as a potential biological control agent of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. (species complex) in North America. To ascertain the host specificity of this gall midge, tests were conducted in the field at Cavaillon, France, and at laboratories located in Rome, Italy and Bozeman, Montana, USA, in 1994 and 1995. Twenty-nine plant species, including eight native: North American euphorbias and biotypes of E. esula, were evaluated. In the laboratory, the gall-midge was able to induce galls on seven species of spurges (all belonging to the subgenus Esula) and the three accessions of leafy spurge. In field tests, S. capitigena infested only E. esula. The biology and host specificity of S. capitigena from France appears to be similar to that observed for Spurgia esulae Gagne from Italy (= Bayeria capitigena Bremi). In France, this gall-midge was commonly observed from early May until October in habitats of very heavy and moist soils located along water channels, roadsides and in fruit orchards. Galls were induced on meristematic tissues, and thereby prevented flowering.

关键词： 花   发育   分子生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7109063046

摘要： 本书论述了植物成花转变的控制、生理信号、植物发育中细胞分裂模式的遗传控制、高等植物花发育基因、植物性别控制、花衰老的分子基础等内容。

关键词： 真菌/细胞学   真菌/生长和发育   植物/细胞学   植物/生长和发育