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关键词： 植物   生物学实验   多媒体   教学系统  

摘要： 介绍显微多媒体教学系统的组成、功能及其在植物生物学实验教学中的应用。该系统的应用 ,开拓了学生由感性认识上升到理性认识的新途径 ,极大地增强了实验教学过程的生动性和灵活性 ,明显地提高了教学效率和质量。

关键词： 芸薹属   雄性不育   发育生物学   阶段调控   环境调控  

摘要： 针对雄性不育性发生的发育生物学问题，从雄性不育发生的发育阶段调控和环境调控角度综述了芸薹属植物雄性不育发生的细胞学、生理生化以及分子生物学的研究进展，提出从DNA水平和基因表达水平以及应用细胞内信号传导模型探索雄性不育发生的分子机理的思路，并对其在分子育种中的应用作了展望。

关键词： 多效唑   观赏植物   生物学效应   植物组织培养  

摘要： 对多效唑在观赏植物上的研究概况 ,包括多效唑对观赏植物枝条、叶片生长、开花、解剖结构、根系发生及生长、内源激素、抗逆性和矿质营养等方面的影响进行了综述

关键词： glucose   insulin   diabetes   antidiabetic plants   hypoglycemic plants  

摘要： To evaluate the possible effects on insulin function, 49 herb, spice, and medicinal plant extracts were tested in the insulin-dependent utilization of glucose using a rat epididymal adipocyte assay. Cinnamon was the most bioactive product followed by witch hazel, green and black teas, allspice, bay leaves, nutmeg, cloves, mushrooms, and brewer's yeast. The glucose oxidation enhancing bioactivity was lost from cinnamon, tea, witch hazel, cloves, bay leaf and allspice by poly-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) treatment, indicating that the active phytochemicals are likely to be phenolic in nature. The activity of sage, mushrooms, and brewers's yeast was not removed by PVP. Some products such as Korean ginseng, flaxseed meal, and basil have been reported to be effective antidiabetic agents;however, they were only marginally active in our assay. Our technique measures direct stimulation of cellular glucose metabolism, so it may be that the active phytochemicals in these plants improve glucose metabolism via other mechanisms or that this in vitro screening is not a reliable predictor of hypoglycemic effects in vivo for some products. In summary, the positive effects of specific plant extracts on insulin activity suggest a possible role of these plants in improving glucose and insulin metabolism.

关键词： 百合   贝母   叶绿素含量   花粉生活力   生物学特性  

摘要： 对百合属的毛百合、渥丹、蓝洲百合和贝母属的平贝母、伊贝母的生物学特性观察结果表明:蕾期叶绿素含量最高,生长最旺盛;花粉粒以8℃贮藏生活力降低速度最慢,萌发状况也以8℃贮藏的花粉最好。

关键词： 植物抗冷性   膜脂   冷诱导蛋白   钙信号系统  

摘要： In this review, we briefly give an overview of molecular approaches that have been sucessfully taken in the studies on plant cold tolerance. In particular, we discuss the role of membrane lipid, cellular antioxidative ability, cold regulatory proteins, and calcium messenger system on the regulation of plant cold tolerance. Strategies and perspectives in using molecular biology to improve cold tolerance of plants are outlined.

关键词： Biology   Plant Physiology  

摘要： Discusses progress in plant biology from 1900 to 2000. Discoveries addressing mechanisms underlying plant growth and development; Topics on germinal discoveries highlighting the unique aspects of plant biology; Technical advances and brilliant insights.

关键词： 黄华属   叶表皮特征   气孔器   方差分析   豆科  

摘要： 在光学显微镜下观察披针叶黄华复合体、高山黄华复合体及黄华属其它种的叶表皮特征。结果表明 ,表皮细胞形状、垂周壁式样及气孔器类型具有重要的分类学意义。表皮细胞形状为多边型和不规则型 ,垂周壁式样为平直或具波纹。黄华属植物除新疆黄华 ,之字枝黄华 ,东亚黄华 ,柔毛黄华上表皮无气孔外 ,其余的上下表皮均具气孔 ,气孔器类型多为不规则型 ,只有紫花黄华为不等细胞型 ,有些无规则型中稍混有不等细胞型。笔者认为气孔器类型对划分属内种上等级具有一定价值。对披针叶黄华复合体、高山黄华复合体和黄华属不同种间气孔指数方差分析结果表明 ,气孔指数在居群水平及不同种间变化差异极显著 。

关键词： 发展学生能力   开展教学实习   优化知识结构  

关键词： bioorganic chemistry   glycosidases   glycosides   phytochemistry   plant physiology  

摘要： The leaves of Mimosa pudica L. are well known for their rapid movement when touched. Recently, we were able to isolate an excitatory substance in small quantities from this plant, which consists of three different components (potassium L-malate, magnesium trans-aconitate, and dimethylammonium salt). Many plants close their leaves in the evening, as if to sleep, and open them early in the morning (nyctinastic leaf movement). This circadian rhythm is known to be controlled by the biological clock of such plants. Extensive studies on other nyctinastic plants led to the isolation of a variety of leaf-opening substances (LOSs) and leaf-closing substances (LCSs). Based on our experiments on these bioactive substances, we found that the circadian rhythmic leaf movement of these plants is initiated by the regulated balance of LOSs and LCSs. The balance of concentration between the two leaf-movement factors (LMFs) is inversed during the day. The glycoside-type LMF is hydrolyzed with β-glucosidase, the activity of which is regulated by the biological clock. The circadian rhythm observed in the leaf movement is introduced by activation of β-glucosidase regulated by the biological clock.