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关键词： 生物学效应   耐性机制  

摘要： 自50年代日本出现"水俣病"、"骨痛病",并且查明这些病分别是由汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)引起的公害以后,人们便对重金属污染予以高度重视.迄今为止,已对数种重金属污染的毒害作用、消除方法、污染监测进行了较为详尽的研究.进入土壤、水体、大气中的重金属在植物的根、茎、叶及籽粒中大量积累,不仅严重影响植物的生长、发育,而且还会进入食物链,危及人类健康.本文就Cd这一重金属的化学行为特性、生物学效应、及植物的耐性机制作一介绍.

关键词： Brassica rapa   Brassica oleracea   fast plants   rapid-cycling   model  

摘要： Rapid-cycling Brassica populations were initially developed as a model for probing the genetic basis of plant disease. Paul Williams and co-workers selected accessions of the six main species for short time to flower and rapid seed maturation. Over multiple generations of breeding and selection, rapid-cycling populations of each of the six species were developed. Because of their close relationship with economically important Brassica species, rapid-cycling Brassica populations, especially those of B. rapa (RCBr) and B. oleracea, have seen wide application in plant and crop physiology investigations. Adding to the popularity of these small, short-lived plants for research applications is their extensive use in K-12 education and outreach.

关键词： 植物学   生物学   实验  

ISBN: (纸本)7560415172

摘要： 本书分为：植物生物学实验指导(包括十八个实验)；植物生物学教学实习(包括藻类植物实习、地衣植物实习等六章)和旬阳坝植被三篇。

关键词： forest genetics   tree physiology   genomics  

摘要： Forest trees have tremendous economic and ecological value, as well as unique biological properties of basic scientific interest. The inherent difficulties of experimenting on very large long-lived organisms motivates the development of a model system fur forest trees. Populus (poplars, cottonwoods, aspens) has several advantages as a model system, including rapid growth, prolific sexual reproduction, ease of cloning, small genome, facile transgenesis, and tight coupling between physiological traits and biomass productivity. A combination of genetics and physiology is being used to understand the detailed mechanisms of forest tree growth and development.

关键词： 小分子物质   基因表达   盐诱导基因   植物   耐盐性  

摘要： 研究证明植物的耐盐机制十分复杂 ,它与植物的小分子物质的积累 ,离子摄入和区域化 ,以及基因表达和大分子蛋白质的合成有关 ,如调渗蛋白、通道蛋白、晚期胚胎发生富集蛋白。同时 ,利用克隆技术分离到了一些盐诱导基因。现将这部分工作做一综述。

关键词： 短穗竹属   生态地理分布   生物学特性   保护  

摘要： Eco\|geographical distribution, biological characters and conservation of \%Brachystachyum \%Keng were studied. The coverage of \%B. densiflorum \%forest increased from 40%～45% to over 90% through rejuvenesced method by conservation \%in situ; \%with the \%ex situ \%strategy, the total individuals of \%B. densiflorum \%var. \%villosum \%increased from 2 to 181 during 5 years (1989～1994), and its mean height reached 3.81 m, its basal\|diameter was 1.95 cm.

关键词： 病原真菌   毒性基因   无毒基因   防卫基因   信号传导  

摘要： 本文从病原真菌致病基因、无毒基因及产物的互作 ,植物抗性基因、防卫基因及产物间的互作 ,系统获得抗性 ,信号传导系统等方面 ,对植物与病原真菌互作的分子生物学及其进展进行了综合论述。

关键词： review   sex determination   dioecy   sex chromosome  

摘要： The majority of the world's flowering plants are hermaphrodite but many of them encourage cross pollination by means of spatial or temporal separation of eggs and pollen, or by genetically-controlled physiological incompatibility. A minority of species has taken the avoidance of self-pollination to its logical conclusion by evolving two distinct and sexually different forms (dioecy). In a very small number of plants, dioecy has been accompanied by the development of sex chromosomes. From the study of the development of male and female flowers of different species it is clear that there is no common underlying mechanism and that sex determination systems leading to dioecy have originated independently many times in evolution. This Botanical Briefing highlights new information from recent molecular approaches in the study of dioecy. (C) 2000 Annals of Botany Company.

关键词： Insect  

摘要： The phytophagous insect fauna of ferns has often been described as depauperate, and some have pointed to the paucity of evidence for adaptive radiation of insect groups feeding specifically on ferns. This paper examines the world's species of fern-specific Macrosiphum aphids and attempts to determine whether fern-feeding is a monophyletically derived trait in Macrosiphum. All sixteen species reported to feed on ferns, including three new species, were included in a cladistic analysis, along with fifteen other Macrosiphum species selected to represent the diversity of the genus, Papulaphis sleesmani (Pepper), because of its similarity to fern-feeding Macrosiphum, and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), which was used as outgroup. The results gave good support for the monophyly of fifteen of the sixteen fern-feeders, and also supported a clade consisting of these fifteen fern-feeders plus Macrosiphum equiseti (Holman), an Equisetum-specific aphid. One species, Macrosiphum lapponicum Shaposhnikov, from northern Russia, was concluded to be unrelated to other fern-feeding Macrosiphum. Whether this species truly feeds on a fern requires confirmation. Taxonomic and biological notes are provided for all fern-feeding Macrosiphum of the world. These include one new combination, Macrosiphum cyatheae (Holman) comb.n., and three new species: Macrosiphum longirostratum sp.n. on Woodsia mollis and Woodsia sp. from Mexico (Michoacan), Macrosiphum miho sp.n. on 'Aspidium' sp. from the U.S.A. (Illinois) and Macrosiphum rebecae sp.n. on Adiantum sp. from Mexico (Michoacan). Keys to apterous and alate viviparae of Macrosiphum living on ferns are given.