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关键词： MOLECULAR biology   LACCASE   LIGNINS   PLANTS  

摘要： The lack of monocot laccase sequence data has been held as an argument against laccases playing a role in lignin polymerization. This overview focuses on plant laccase molecular biology in relation to lignin formation with emphasis on recently cloned monocot laccases from ryegrass (Lolium perenne ). Laccase is found within the major seed plant groupings. Furthermore, as laccases have probably been duplicated before and after division into monocots, dicots and gymnosperms, it is hypothesized that all higher plants encode a multitude of laccases. Work published during the past decade indicates the existence of a strong relationship between laccase expression and lignification in several plant species. Likewise, analysis of the first plant laccase promoter shows that this laccase is putatively regulated by a group of transcription factors that have been shown to regulate several enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. It is suggested that laccases may also serve other roles than participation in lignin formation in plant biology.

关键词： 植物生物学   课程建设   高校   植物学科   教学改革  

摘要： 高等教育面临着新的严重挑战。各类、各级学校培养什么样的人关系到中华民族能否以崭新的姿态自立于世界民族之林。当前，中小学正以加强素质教育、培养创新精神、提高实践能力为中心，多层次、多方面采取措施，推动教育改革前进。培养高级科技人才的高等学校，与中小学相比，教育改革滞后。在科技和教学两大任务面前，由于当前有关政策和利益的促使下，高等学校的主力军－广大教师的精力主要投放在科学研究上，教学改进步履艰难。

关键词： 车前属   植物   生态   进化生物学   研究进展  

摘要： 车前属植物是理论生态学、生理生态学、进化生物学研究的理想材料。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在车前属生态学、进化生物学、系统分类学方面的研究概况。

关键词： 基因沉默   胞间连丝   病毒分子生物学   细胞间通讯   基因表达调控   植物病毒   抗病毒机制  

摘要： 现代病毒分子生物学的研究为植物的生物学功能研究提供了有效的工具。这类研究使我们对植物的细胞间通讯、抗病毒和基因表达调控等机制有了更深入的了解。也为进一步的研究提出了许多新的课题。

关键词： developmental biology   organ differentiation   flowering physiology   sexual differentiation   fertilization biology   seed physiology  

摘要： Plant development is a process from germination of seed to vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, fertilization and finally to the next generation seed formation. A lot of achievements have been obtained in plant developmental biology in China. Since the 1990's, those young generation scientists returned to China from abroad to use molecular and genetic techniques to study morphological, physiological and biochemical process of plant development. The present paper reviews the progress in some research area of plant developmental biology in the past decades and also prospects the chance and future of plant developmental studies, due to the recent advances of plant genome sequencing and functional genomics in China under the international research background.

关键词： Apagomerella versicolor   Xanthium   cocklebur   biological control   weed   Cerambycidae   Asteraceae  

摘要： The biology of the cerambycid beetle, Apagomerella versicolor (Boheman), a candidate for biocontrol of cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L., in the US, was studied in Argentina where it attacks X strumarium cavanillesii Love and Dansereau. A. versicolor is univoltine and adults appear in the field in early spring. In the laboratory, the adults lived an average of 18.5 days. Each female laid an average of 38 eggs, one egg per oviposition. The incubation period for the eggs lasted 10 days at 25degreesC and 80% RH. The larval stage had seven instars. Eggs were laid in the stems and larvae fed boring their way toward the root. At the beginning of fall, larvae girdled the stem of the mature plant near the crown, causing the dried aerial part of the plant to fall over. The last instar entered diapause and pupated within the roots in dead and dry plants until spring. Exposure of larvae to temperatures lower than 12degreesC for at least 8 days ended diapause. All larvae survived continuous exposure to -8degreesC for 3 days, and immersion of larvae in tap water for 20 days did not affect their survival. In Buenos Aires, Argentina, three parasitoids were found attacking the larvae;a braconid, Nealiolus n. sp., parasitized 61.5% of the larvae in 1988. Attack by A. versicolor reduced fruit production in X. s. cavanillesii by 66%, and killed young plants. A. versicolor has some attributes of a biocontrol agent of Xanthium spp. These attributes, along with cold tolerance, immersion tolerance, broad habitat distribution from tropical forest to desert, suggest that it would be an effective biocontrol agent of Xanthium spp, Published by Elsevier Science (USA).

关键词： 植物学   高等学校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)7561519443

摘要： 福建省自然科学著作出版基金资助出版:本书介绍了植物体的基础结构、根、茎、叶、花、种子、果实、植物的物质与能量代谢、植物的生长发育及其调控、植物与环境、生物多样性和植物分类等问题。

关键词： 寄主植物   小菜蛾   实验种群   生物学参数  

摘要： 实验观察了小菜蛾取食不同种白菜和油菜的主要生物学参数 ,包括幼虫、蛹的历期、蛹质量、化蛹率、羽化率和雌虫产卵量 .结果表明 :(1)取食苔菜 (Brassicacamelina)幼虫历期最短 ,取食花椰菜 (B .***)幼虫历期最长 ;(2 )取食不同蔬菜化蛹率变化明显 ,其中以白芥 (Brassicaalba)最高达 90 .7% ,羽化率变化很大 ,以欧州油菜 (Brassicanapus)最高达 84 % ;(3)蛹质量也因寄主不同而异 ,取食蔬菜B .napus最低为 5 .6 8mg ,取食香花芥菜 (E .sativus)最高为 7.5 4mg .(4)取食香花芥菜雌虫产卵量最高为 16 5 .5 0粒 ;(5 )蛹质量和寄主含氮量 ,产卵量和寄主含氮量 ,产卵量和蛹质量分别相关性显著 ,并建立了回归方程分别为 :Y =4 .0 92 7+0 .6 5 0 5N ,Y =- 118.5 74 0 +5 7.5 6 2 5N和Y =- 379.4 2 0 +71.881X .

关键词： alfalfa extract   allelochemicals   autotoxicity   bioassay   HPLC   phenolic compounds  

摘要： Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa 'Vernal' were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l(-1) from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans -cinnamic acid and o -coumaric acid at 10(-3) m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.

关键词： Marine   Area  

摘要： The population structures of Aratus pisonii and Sesarma rectum were analysed in order to compare their life histories. These two sinchronotopic species occupy distinct mangrove microhabitats in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. In order to compare the population dynamics of these two species, age and reproductive status of crabs were estimated by obtaining monthly collections over a 2-year period. Aratus pisonii follows an annual population cycle. Highest frequencies of ovigerous females were recorded during spring and summer, while juvenile recruitment peaked during the winter when the adult population was less representative. The life span of A. pisonii was estimated to be one or two years. On the other hand, recruitment of S. rectum was continuous throughout the year. Adults were consistently present in all months, suggesting that the life span of S. rectum is longer than that of A. pisonii, and its reproduction might be continuous. Temperature is correlated with frequency of breeding females and juveniles in A. pisonii, while no such correlations are found in S. rectum. These results suggest that the population dynamics of these two grapsid crabs is considerably different.