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关键词： 植物   细胞质   雄性不育   分子生物学  

摘要： 阐述了植物细胞质雄性不育相关的线粒体嵌合基因结构、起源、作用机理及其离体表达 ,花粉发育特异基因表达 ,导致植物细胞质雄性不育因素 ,植物细胞质雄性不育恢复育性等方面分子生物学研究进展 。

关键词： bean leaf beetle   Belonolaimus gracilis   burrowing nematode   Cerotoma trifurcata   Colaspis bunner   Colletotrichum dematium   Colletotrichum truncatum   corn earworm   cylindrocladium black rot   Cylindrocladium parasiticum   Desmdium yellow mottle tymovirus   grape colaspis   Heliothis virescens   Heliothis zea   herbaria survey   herbicide application decision support system   Pseudopluscia includens   Pseudomonas viridiflava   Radopholus similis   seed germination   soybean looper   sting nematode   tobacco budworm   tomato spotted wilt tospovirus   weed interference  

摘要： Florida beggarweed is native to the Western Hemisphere but is naturalized around the world. During the last century, the mechanization of agriculture has transitioned Florida beggarweed from an important forage component to a weed of significance in the coastal plain of the southeast United States. This herbaceous annual is naturalized and found in fields and disturbed areas throughout the southern United States. The characteristics that made Florida beggarweed a good forage crop also make it a formidable weed. This review describes the importance of Florida beggarweed as a weed in the southern United States and the taxonomy of this species and details the distribution throughout the world and within the United States. The ecology of Florida beggarweed and its interactions with crop plants, insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens also are summarized. Finally, management of Florida beggarweed in agricultural systems using cultural practices and herbicides is reviewed.

关键词： bitetrad   gametogenesis   mimosoids  

摘要： The mechanism of polyad formation in Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze is described and its significance in the reproductive biology is discussed. In this species c. 500 complexes of two coupled pollen mother cells (PMCs) per pollen sac are formed after the last mitotic division of the sporogenous tissue. All the pollen grains of each complex remain attached and form a bitetrad. This mechanism leads to the formation of many polyads per pollen sac. On this basis, we propose that in Mimosa the number of pollen grains per polyad (eight or 16) is determined by the number of cells that remain attached after the last mitotic divisions of the sporogenous tissue. Concerning the biological significance of the polyads in M. bimucronata, we find that the number of pollen grains per polyad is correlated with the number of ovules per ovary, and that the internal dimensions of the pit-shaped stigma are sufficient just for one polyad to be localized in it. Based on the number of polyads per flower this species has a high pollen/ovule ratio characteristic of xenogamous plants, in opposition to that expected for plants with composite pollen dispersal units. In contrast, it has low pollination efficiency, low fruit set, a 1/1 relationship between the pollen grains of a polyad and the number of ovules per ovary, and high seed set per fruit. These facts support the hypothesis that the occurrence of polyads in M. bimucronata would be an adaptation helping to ensure high seed set following a single cross pollination event. (C) 2004 The Linnean Society of London,

关键词： BIOLOGY   PLANT growth   FOOD supply   PLANT physiology   PLANT biomass   CROP yields  

摘要： The recent summary report of a Department of Energy Workshop on Plant Systems Biology (P.V. Minorsky [2003] Plant Physiol 132: 404-409) offered a welcomed advocacy for systems analysis as essential in understanding plant development, growth, and production. The goal of the Workshop was to consider methods for relating the results of molecular research to real-world challenges in plant production for increased food supplies, alternative energy sources, and environmental improvement. The rather surprising feature of this report, however, was that the Workshop largely overlooked the rich history of plant systems analysis extending over nearly 40 years (Sinclair and Seligman, 1996) that has considered exactly those challenges targeted by the Workshop. Past systems research has explored and incorporated biochemical and physiological knowledge into plant simulation models from a number of perspectives. The research has resulted in considerable understanding and insight about how to simulate plant systems and the relative contribution of various factors in influencing plant production. These past activities have contributed directly to research focused on solving the problems of increasing biomass production and crop yields. These modeling approaches are also now providing an avenue to enhance integration of molecular genetic technologies in plant improvement (Hammer et al., 2002).

关键词： 植物   细胞质雄性不育   分子生物学   生理生化   线粒体   叶绿体   基因工程   基因组  

摘要： 本文综述了植物细胞质雄性不育系与保持系在细胞学方面、生理生化方面的差异 ;在分子水平上概述了线粒体和叶绿体与细胞质雄性不育的关系 ;讨论了环境条件对细胞质雄性不育的影响以及基因工程创造雄性不育的策略、机理。指出决定细胞质雄性不育的胞质因子在线粒体基因组上 。

关键词： 植物生物学   多媒体教学   积件库   教学资料库  

摘要： 植物生物学多媒体教学积件库由植物生物学教学资料库、教学单元库和在线测试与练习库等组成。其中的多媒体教学资料库是积件库的基础构成部分。多媒体教学资料可从互联网下载、文字和图片扫描、光盘采集和自己制作等多种途径进行构建。探讨了植物生物学积件库构建中遇到的一些问题和解决的对策。

关键词： 植物胚囊   发育   细胞学   分子生物学  

摘要： 综述了植物胚囊发育的细胞及分子生物学研究进展 。

关键词： 高等级公路   边坡绿化   贵州   植物   草种   生物学特性   栽培驯化   性状  

摘要： 通过对野生草被植物资源的栽培驯化 ,并根据植株特征特性和生育期、适应性等生物学性状 ,从野生资源圃和牧草引种圃中共筛选出 15种适合贵州省高等级公路边坡绿化的草被植物。其中高羊茅、百喜草、白三叶、假俭草有较强的侵占性和再生能力 ,青绿期长 ,适应性强 ,绿化性状最好 ,是高等级公路边坡绿化的优选草种 ;毛花雀稗、假俭草、双穗雀稗、扁穗牛鞭草具有侵占性强、适应性好、覆盖能力强的特点 ,是较优良的野生绿化草被植物 ,可作为高等级公路边坡绿化的主要草种。

关键词： 抗坏血酸   生物合成与代谢   转运   生物学功能  

摘要： 抗坏血酸是高等植物中普遍存在的小分子物质,在植物细胞对氧化胁迫的抵抗、细胞分裂和伸长中发挥着重要作用。它在线粒体中合成,然后被转运到其他细胞区间以发挥生理作用。在不同生物膜上可能存在不同的ASC转运体,这些转运体的存在可使ASC及其不同氧化还原态形式根据细胞生理状况的需要而在不同细胞区间转运。ASC的重要生理功能是与其氧化还原状态以及生物合成、代谢、再生和转运的相关酶类活性的变化密切相关的。本文简要综述了近年来人们在植物抗坏血酸生物合成、代谢、转运、逆境响应与植物生长发育中的研究进展。