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关键词： rhabdoviruses   plant viruses   negative strand viruses   nucleorhabdoviruses   cytorhabdoviruses  

摘要： The Rhabdoviridae, whose members collectively infect invertebrates, animals, and plants, form a large family that has important consequences for human health, agriculture, and wildlife ecology. Plant rhabdoviruses can be separated into the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus, based on their sites of replication and morphogenesis. This review presents a general overview of classical and contemporary findings about rhabdovirus ecology, pathology, vector relations, and taxonomy. The genome organization and structure of several recently sequenced nucleorhabdoviruses and cytorhabdoviruses is integrated with new cell biology findings to provide a model for the replication of the two genera. A prospectus outlines the exciting opportunities for future research that will contribute to a more detailed understanding of the biology, biochemistry, replication and host interactions of the plant rhabdoviruses.

关键词： 植物   气候类型   生物学  

摘要： 芥草,一种生命期为42d 左右的普通植物。如果它那由淀粉控制的"大脑"被切断,它将失去平衡感,无法找到自己在这个世界上的方向。鬼臼,在美国生长的草本植物,能基于对气候类型的"计算",提前两年制定自身的生长计划。一些科学家指出,植物会十分谨慎地思考它们所处环境,并为将来考虑,征服生存领域和敌人,而且预谋。这些新发现,几乎能影响到包括园丁和哲学家在内的每一个人。诺贝尔学奖得主、植物遗传学家芭芭拉·麦克林托克称,植物细胞是"有思想的"。达尔文也曾写过关于植物根部末梢的"智力"。科学家指出,植物不但能通过释放特殊气体进行彼此间以及与昆虫的交流,它们还能通过细胞结构式,进行欧几里德几何学计算,连最小的错误它们也在几个月内记得一清二楚。对于越来越多的生物学家而言,植物能够挑战并施压于其他物种,就是一种基本智能的证据。植物有无自我意识"植物智能"的另一大启发是,即便来自同一母体的两个截枝,或克隆的复制品,在同等的种植条件下,它们的行为也是不同的。

关键词： 大会   召开   联合   首届   生物技术   国际   中国   植物分子生物学   植物组织培养   简称  

关键词： 诱导抗病   R基因   转录因子   启动子   信号转导   SAR  

摘要： 植物诱导抗病性是植物抵御病害侵袭的重要机制之一 ,作为一种经济有效的抗病策略 ,在农业可持续病害防治中具有广阔的应用前景 ,日益受到人们的关注 .其中系统获得性抗性 (SAR)作为植物诱导抗病性的一种重要形式 ,随着分子生物学实验手段的迅速发展及其在植物抗病机制研究中的应用 ,其分子机制研究方面已取得了不少进展 .图 1参

关键词： 植物几丁质酶   基因工程   分子生物学  

摘要： 植物几丁质酶具有广泛的生理活性,尤其在植物的抗病性方面具有重要作用,因而植物几丁质酶基因工程成为目前抗真菌基因工程研究的热点。本文介绍了植物几丁质酶基因结构的研究进展,综述了植物几丁质酶基因工程和微生物产几丁质酶转入植物的基因工程研究成果,概述了植物几丁质酶分子比较和分子进化研究,并展望了植物几丁质酶基因工程的应用前景。

关键词： BREEDING SYSTEM EVOLUTION   POLLEN-OVULE RATIOS   PHYLOGENETICALLY INDEPENDENTCONTRASTS   WIND-DISPERSED DIASPORES   GENETIC-VARIATION   GEOGRAPHIC RANGE   NEW-ZEALAND   CONSERVATIONPRIORITIES   GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS   BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS  

摘要： The objective of this study is to examine whether habitat, herbivory and traits related to resource acquisition, resource conservation, reproduction and dispersal differ between narrow endemic plant species and their widespread congeners. We undertook pairwise contrasts of 25 ecological characteristics and biological traits in 20 congeneric pairs of narrow endemic and widespread plant species in the French Mediterranean region. Within each pair, the two species had the same life-form, pollination mode and dispersal mode. Endemic species differed significantly from widespread congeners for a number of attributes. Endemic species occur in habitats on steeper slopes, with higher rock cover and in lower and more open vegetation than their widespread congeners. Endemic species are significantly smaller than widespread species, but show no differences in traits related to resource acquisition (specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, maximum photosynthetic rate) or resource conservation (leaf dry matter content). After accounting for their smaller stature, endemic species produce fewer and smaller flowers with less stigma-anther separation and lower pollen/ovule ratios and produce fewer seeds per plant than their widespread congeners. No consistent variation in seed mass and propagule structure was found between congeneric species. Herbivory levels did not differ between congeneric species. Ecological characteristics, notably the occupation of rocky habitats with low aboveground competition, may thus have played an important role in the differentiation of narrow endemic species in the Western Mediterranean. Morphological and ecophysiological traits of narrow endemic species indicate that they are not more stress-tolerant than their widespread congeners. Lower investment in pollen transfer and seed production suggest that local persistence is a key feature of the population ecology of narrow endemic species.

关键词： 生物农药   植物病毒   邱德文   生物工程技术   微生物   激活蛋白   水杨酸  

摘要： 邱德文,1986年获植物病毒学硕士学位,1995年获农药生物学博士学位,1992年被南开大学破格晋升为副研究员,1995年赴美国康奈尔大学做访问学者,之后进入美国西雅图EDEN生物科技公司继续从事科研.2002年,邱德文放弃在美国优越的生活、工作条件应邀回国,出任中国农业科学院生物农药学科带头人.

关键词： biofilms   rhizosphere   spermosphere   phyllosphere   conjugation   transformation  

摘要： Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are usual colonizers of plant leaves, roots, and seeds, establishing at relatively high cell densities on plant surfaces, where they aggregate and form microcolonies similar to those observed during biofilm development on abiotic surfaces. These plant-associated biofilms undergo chromosomal rearrangements and are hot spots for conjugative plasmid transfer, favored by the close proximity between cells and the constant supply of nutrients coming from the plant in the form of exudates or leachates. The molecular determinants known to be involved in bacterial colonization of the different plant surfaces, and the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in plant-associated Pseudomonas populations are summarized in this review. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 26S蛋白酶体   泛素   植物激素   光形态建成   分子生物学研究   信号转导   生理功能   抗病   最新进展   逆境  

摘要： 介绍泛素/26S蛋白酶体通路的分子生物学研究最新进展,并对其同源异形性及在植物激素信号、抗病和衰老、光形态建成、植物逆境信号转导中的功能进行了讨论。