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关键词： 分子生物学技术   观赏植物   应用研究进展   人居环境   植物育种   植物品种   观赏价值   种质创新   基础研究   分子标记   基因克隆   基因工程   国内外  

摘要： 观赏植物在改善人居环境中发挥着重要作用,培育具有高观赏价值的新奇植物品种是观赏植物育种的主要方向。分子生物学技术为观赏植物的基础研究和种质创新带来了全新的思路和途径,文中重点介绍了国内外分子标记、基因克隆、基因工程等分子生物学技术在观赏植物上的应用研究进展。

关键词： 细胞质雄性不育   育性恢复   分子机理   线粒体基因组   恢复基因   植物  

摘要： 植物细胞质雄性不育性与育性恢复的分子机理一直是分子生物学的研究热点。文章综述了近10年来的主要研究进展。包括:1、线粒体不育相关区域的确定及其特点;2、不育相关区域的表达谱;3、产生细胞质雄性不育的可能机理;4、恢复基因的可能调控方式;5、恢复基因的遗传、定位及其特征等。拟南芥、水稻等模式植物线粒体基因组测序工作已经完成,其有关生物学信息及后续研究将极大地推动植物细胞质雄性不育研究取得更快进展。

关键词： 骨髓移植   移植物抗宿主病   肿瘤坏死因子   受体,肿瘤坏死因子  

摘要： 目的:研究可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体基因修饰的粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子短期培养的异基因骨髓细胞,对小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病的防治及与移植物抗白血病的关系。方法:实验于2002-06/2003-03在第二军医大学免疫研究所完成。选择纯种近交系C57BL/6小鼠作为供者,BALB/c小鼠作为受者,用60Coγ射线照射后,随机分为5组,每组10只。①未处理组:接受照射后,尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液。②移植物抗宿主病组:照射后移植骨髓细胞和脾细胞。③粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子组:照射后移植粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子培养的骨髓细胞和脾细胞。④LacZ基因修饰组:照射后移植粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子培养后LacZ基因修饰的骨髓细胞和脾细胞。⑤可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体基因修饰组:照射后移植粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子培养后可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体基因修饰的骨髓细胞和脾细胞。经上述处理后主要观察:①各组小鼠生存期。②隔3日鼠尾静脉采血检测各组小鼠外周血白细胞的变化,以观察不同方法对造血功能恢复的影响。③各组小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞杀伤活性的改变。结果:纳入BALB/c小鼠50只,均进入结果分析。①小鼠生存期:可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体基因修饰组平均存活期较移植物抗宿主病组明显延长(35d,12.5d,P<0.05)。

关键词： Arabidopsis   arc mutants   cell biology   Min proteins   Plastid division  

摘要： Plastids are essential plant organelles vital for life on earth, responsible not only for photosynthesis but for many fundamental intermediary metabolic reactions. Plastids are not formed de novo but arise by binary fission from pre-existing plastids, and plastid division therefore represents an important process for the maintenance of appropriate plastid populations in plant cells. Plastid division comprises an elaborate pathway of co-ordinated events which include division machinery assembly at the division site, the constriction of envelope membranes, membrane fusion and, ultimately, the separation of the two new organelles. Because of their prokaryotic origin bacterial cell division has been successfully used as a paradigm for plastid division. This has resulted in the identification of the key plastid division components FtsZ, MinD, and MinE, as well as novel proteins with similarities to prokaryotic cell division proteins. Through a combination of approaches involving molecular genetics, cell biology, and biochemistry, it is now becoming clear that these proteins act in concert during plastid division, exhibiting both similarities and differences compared with their bacterial counterparts. Recent efforts in the cloning of the disrupted loci in several of the accumulation and replication of chloroplasts mutants has further revealed that the division of plastids is controlled by a combination of prokaryote-derived and host eukaryote-derived proteins residing not only in the plastid stroma but also in the cytoplasm. Based on the available data to date, a working model is presented showing the protein components involved in plastid division, their subcellular localization, and their protein interaction properties.

关键词： 多糖类   抗肿瘤   抗病毒   降血糖  

摘要： 目的:报道近年植物多糖研究进展。方法:综述近几年植物多糖的研究成果。结果:近几年研究表明,不同植物来源的多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降血糖等多种活性。结论:由于多糖类具有广泛而复杂的生物学活性,在医药领域中将会有广阔的应用前景。

关键词： 蔗糖合成酶   分子生物学   研究进展   生长发育过程   SuSy   转基因植株   光合产物   代谢途径   蔗糖代谢   高等植物   调控机理   关键酶   器官  

摘要： 蔗糖合成酶在植物生长发育过程中有着举足轻重的作用。叶片光合产物向“库”器官运输的主要形态是蔗糖,而蔗糖合成酶是蔗糖进入各种代谢途径所必需的关键酶之一。在此,综述了蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)在高等植物蔗糖代谢中的作用,SuSy基因的克隆、表达调控机理以及SuSy转基因植株的表现;并进一步对蔗糖合成酶的研究作出设想。

关键词： 钾离子通道   结构   基因  

摘要： 钾离子通道是植物钾离子吸收的重要途径之一。近年来,已从多种植物或同种植物的不同组织器官中分离到多种钾离子通道基因,包括内向整流型钾离子通道基因(如OsAKT1,DKT1,KPT1,KDC1,KZM1,ZMK2等)和外向整流型钾离子通道基因(如GORK,PTORK,STORK等)。文章分别从结构、功能以及相关基因等三方面综述了关于植物钾离子通道的分子生物学研究进展,并对应用生物工程技术改良植物的钾营养性状进行了讨论。

关键词： 胡芦巴   经济植物   生物学特性   经济价值  

摘要： 胡芦巴是青海民族地区的一种重要经济植物,有很高的经济价值.本文论述了胡芦巴的生物学特性,经济价值和应用前景。

关键词： autonomous selfing   Costa Rica   chiropterophily   Monteverde   pollination   self-compatibility  

摘要： The floral phenology, fruit and seed production, and self-compatibility of Werauhia gladioliflora, an epiphytic brome-liad with a wide distribution, were studied in a premontane forest in the Monteverde area in Costa Rica. The species presents the pollination syndrome of chiropterophily, and it is visited by the small bats Hylonycteris underwoodi and Glossophaga commissarisi (Glossophaginae). The population flowering period extended from October to early December (end of rainy season) and seed dispersal occurred from February to April (dry season). Most plants opened a single flower per night, either every day or at one-day intervals during the flowering period. In natural conditions, the average fruit set amounted to almost half of the potential output, but individual fecundity (number of seeds) remained high. Seed number per fruit and germination capacity after artificial selfing and out-crossing treatments did not differ from natural pollination conditions. Werauhia gladioliflora exhibited high levels of autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility at the individual and population level, characters associated with the epiphytic habitat. These reproductive traits are also associated with early colonizer species, yet life history traits, such as seed dispersal, seedling establishment success, and growth, are likely to have a major role in determining the presence of this species in the successional vegetation patches scattered over the studied premontane area.

关键词： 黑刺粉虱   生物学特性   防治研究   火棘   观赏植物   吡虫啉WP   观察研究   试验结果   氧化乐果   室内外   增效剂   叶片   EC   若虫   寄主   药效   防效   蛹  

摘要： 通过对火棘上黑刺粉虱室内外观察研究发现,黑刺粉虱在河南新乡1年发生4代,以若虫、伪蛹在寄主叶片背面越冬。该虫主要危害火棘叶片,受害严重时诱发霉烟病。药效试验结果表明,10%吡虫啉WP、40%氧化乐果EC、啶虫杀+增效剂、20%灭多威EC对其防效均在87%以上。