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关键词： 药用植物   分子标记   基因工程  

摘要： 对近年来分子生物学技术在药用植物研究工作中的应用现状进行了综述,并对主要的技术与方法及分子生物学在开展药用植物研究方面的优势和应用前景进行了阐述。

关键词： 次生代谢产物   合成途径   代谢调节   生物学  

摘要： 简述了植物次生代谢产物的类型、合成途径及其代谢调节,重点阐述了次生代谢产物在最近几年的的学科发展,论述了植物的次生代谢途径与其生物学功能之间的关系,从而加深了人们对次生代谢产物的认识,对其开发利用提供理论依据。

关键词： computer software   databases genes genome analysis   genomes systems analysis  

摘要： This paper focuses on the application of systems biology (which embodies aniterative process of experimentation at a global level, data integration, system modelling andgeneration of hypotheses) in plant research to describe processes across all layers of biologicalorganization (molecular, cellular, physiological, organismal, and ecological). The role of systemsbiology in the integration of genomic data and understanding the physical and regulatoryrelationships among plant gene products is discussed..

关键词： gene expression   genes genetic analysis  

摘要： This paper discusses the efficiency and applicability of chemical genomics asa complement to current gene-based methods to fuel future advances in plant genetic mechanisms andgene functions. Its potential use in the identification of new pathways and networks may overcomeimportant gaps in ongoing functional genomics efforts in plants and allows for eventual developmentof a framework for predictive modelling..

关键词： 植物生物学   实验教学   改革  

摘要： 本文根据植物生物学教学改革的需要,对实验教学的改革也进行了探索,并提出了一些可行性的建议,旨在提高植物生物学实验教学的质量和教学效果。

关键词： 植物生物学   印度   生物技术   植物学研究   生物学研究   农业大学   现状   国民生产总值   政府机构  

摘要： 印度拥有47 000种已知植物,至少有31 000名科学家从事植物学工作.印度的实验植物学研究已有近100年的历史.在悠久的印度文明史中,传统的植物学知识,从2000多年以前就开始积累.现今,印度的植物生物学研究已广布于印度的近200所大学,包括31所力量雄厚的农业大学、90个以上的研究所和研究中心,以及少数民间基金会和公司.这些单位几乎全部获得各种政府机构的资助.这些机构是:印度农业研究委员会(ICAR)、科学和技术部(DST)、生物技术部(DBT)、科学和工业研究委员会(CSIR)、原子能部(DAE)和大学资金委员会後(UGC).也在某种程度上获得环境和林业部的资助.印度目前已将其国民生产总值(GNP)的～0.1%和总研究和开发(R&D)经费的15.0%,用于农业和植物生物学研究.

关键词： Rhagoletotqjpeta cubensis n. sp.   Tephritidae   Celtis   taxonomy   host plants  

摘要： Rhagoletotrypeta argentinensis (Aczel) was recovered from Celtis iguanaea (Jacquin) Sargent, and R. parallela Norrbom and R. pastranai Aczel from Celtis pubescens (Kunth) Sprengel fruit (Ulmaceae) in the provinces of Catamarca, Tucuman, and Salta (northwestern Argentina). All represent new host plant records, and for R. parallela, the first host plant record. Mean pupal weight of flies from C. pubescens (mean fruit weight 1.2 g) was 5.2 +/- 2.3 mg and of flies from C. iguanaea (mean fruit weight 1.8 g) was 7.8 +/- 1.3. Mean degree of infestation (number of larvae/100 g of fruit) was 29.6 for C. iguanaea and varied between 18.7 and 50.5 for C. pubescens. Most adults emerged after an 8-12-mo diapause period. Sixteen specimens of the larval-prepupal parasitoid Utetes sp., near U. anastraphae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Opiinae) were recovered from all fruit samples (overall parasitization rate was 37.2%). Parasitoids entered diapause that lasted up to 12 mo. We also describe a new species of Rhagoletotrypeta from Cuba belonging to the xanthogastra species group. Rhagoletotrypeta cubensis Norrbom, n. sp., is the only species in this genus known from the West Indies. The distribution records reported here also extend the known ranges for all four species of Rhagoletotrypeta known from Argentina. We discuss our findings in light of their taxonomic and ecological significance and with respect to the possibilities they open for the badly needed study of the zoogeography and behavior of flies in tephritid genera of no apparent economic importance.

关键词： Animals   Flowers/chemistry   Flowers/genetics   Gene Expression Regulation, Plant   Genes, Plant/genetics   Moths/physiology   Odors/analysis   Petunia/chemistry   Petunia/chemistry   Petunia/genetics   Petunia/genetics   Pigmentation   Plant Proteins/genetics   Plant Proteins/metabolism  

摘要： Discusses a study by Julian C. Verdonk and colleagues concerning Petunia hybrida which emits its scent at night to attract its nocturnal pollinators, hawkmoths. Comparison of the genes expressed in flowers that were producing scent with those from flowers that were just about to produce scent and those from a different P. hybrida cultivar that emits low levels of benzenoids; Discovery of a gene called ODORANT1 (ODO1); Relation between the elimination of ODO1 expression and decreased expression of several other genes.

关键词： Early devonian   fossil gametophytes   Rhynie chert   spore development   alteration of generations  

摘要： The ca. 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert biota represents a benchmark for studies of early terrestrial ecosystems. The exquisite preservation of the organisms documents an ancient biodiversity that also includes various levels of biological interaction. Absent from the picture until recently has been detailed information about the development of the gametophyte phase and the alternation of generations of the macroplants in this ecosystem. Here, we trace the development of the gametophyte phase of Aglaophyton, an early land plant with an unusual complement of structural and morphological characters. Mature gametophytes consist of a fleshy protocorm attached to the substrate by basal rhizoids;arising from the upper surface are one to several upright gametangiophores bearing multiple gametangia. Stomata are present on the upper surface of the protocorm and gametangiophore, and endomycorrhizal fungi extend throughout the gametophyte. Gametophytes are unisexual, producing either antheridiophores or archegoniophores. There is no evidence that gametophytes later become hermaphroditic. The sexual dimorphism of the Rhynie chert gametophytes is inconsistent with theoretical ideas about the haploid phase of early land plants. The gametophyte phase of early land plants can now be considered within an ecological and evolutionary framework that, in turn, can be used to develop hypotheses about some aspects of the population dynamics and growth of these early land plants.

关键词： 稀土元素   植物   生物学作用   机制  

摘要： 稀土元素在农业上得到了广泛的应用,产生了显著的经济效益。人们对稀土元素生物学效应 的作用机制进行了很多研究,提出了许多论点。从稀土元素在植物体内的赋存、稀土元素对植物光合 作用的影响机制、稀土元素对细胞中Ca的竞争取代机制、稀土元素对生物体内自由基的清除机制和 稀土与生物大分子的紧密结合及在细胞水平的定位五个方面综合分析了稀土元素对于植物体作用 机制的最新研究成果,为稀土农用技术的研究提供新的思路。