教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 野生樱桃李   生态   植物学特征   物候学   濒危物种  

摘要： 对生长在新疆霍城县大、小西沟野生樱桃李群落，从分布区的自然地理条件、生境的土壤剖面记录及理化性质、植被、气象因子等方面进行了观测与统计，并结合其植物学、物候学特性等较详细的观察记载。分析了大、小西沟18年前后的气候状况与野生樱桃李的物候学特征的关系；并阐述了野生樱桃李在大、小西沟内的分布特征、繁衍和更新特点及其与生态条件的关系。与10多年前相比，发现野果林分布下限上移、野樱桃李面积缩小、开花提前了8～15d、分布区植被破坏严重。从诸多方面证明了野生樱桃李这个野生果树资源的濒危程度。并讨论了大、小西沟野果林生态系统受损现状和野生樱桃李濒危的原因。提出建立自然保护区就地保护这个珍贵物种的建议。

关键词： 胼胝质   有性生殖   无融合生殖   胞外信使  

摘要： 就被子植物有性生殖和无融合生殖过程中在某些特定时期和细胞中出现的胼胝质壁的活动情况作了介绍,并探讨了其生物学意义。

关键词： 《植物生物学》   双语教学   国外教材   原版教材   本科专业   生物科学   英文教材  

摘要： 我校白2003年以来在生物科学本科专业开展了《植物生物学》双语教学（马三梅和王永飞2005）。进行双语教学必须有适合老师教与学生学的教材。但由于双语教学目前属探索阶段，尚无现成的、适用于《植物生物学》双语教学的教材。因此，直接采用国外原版教材可能是一种良策。在3年的双语教学中，我们认为Stern（2003）主编的《植物生物学导论》就是一部比较适合于《植物生物学》双语教学的原版英文教材。今介绍给大家，供参考。

关键词： 雄性不育   Ca^2+   ATP酶   细胞骨架   细胞程序性死亡  

摘要： 高等植物的雄性不育有多种类型,发生的原因复杂。对高等植物雄性不育机理的探索一直是一个活跃的研究领域。近年来采用多种细胞生物学方法对植物雄性不育的研究取得了一些新的成果,从绒毡层细胞结构与功能的分析以及Ca2+、ATP酶的分布特征、细胞骨架的排列方式、细胞程序性死亡等不同的细胞生物学研究角度探索了雄性不育花药的败育过程。雄性不育的细胞生物学研究结果起到了将分子水平研究与个体水平研究结果相联系的纽带作用,有助于全面地了解高等植物中各种雄性不育的发生机理。

关键词： accuracy   Fechner's law   phytopathometry   precision   Stevens's power law   Weber's law  

摘要： The accuracy and precision of disease severity assessment data might be improved if there was a better understanding of how the laws of psychophysics actually relate to the theory and practice of phytopathometry. In this regard, we utilized a classical method developed in the field of psychophysics (the method of comparison stimuli) to test Horsfall and Barratt's claim that raters cannot accurately discriminate disease severity levels between 25% and 50% because, according to the Weber-Fechner law, visual acuity is proportional to the logarithm of the intensity of the stimulus. We show for two pathosystems, wheat leaf rust and grapevine downy mildew, that raters can accurately discriminate disease severity levels between 25% and 50%, and that although Weber's law appears to hold true, Fechner's law does not. Furthermore, based upon our results, the relationship between actual (true) disease severity (X) and disease severity estimated by raters (Y) is linear, not logarithmic as proposed by Horsfall and Barratt.

关键词： biopesticides   proteomics   symbiosis  

摘要： Trichodernta-based biofungicides are a reality in agriculture, with more than 50 formulations today available as registered products worldwide. Several strategies have been applied to identify the main genes and compounds involved in this complex, three-way cross-talk between the fungal antagonist, the plant, and microbial pathogens. Proteome and genome analysis have greatly enhanced our ability to conduct holistic and genome-based functional studies. We have identified and determined the role of a variety of novel genes and gene-products, including ABC transporters, enzymes and other proteins that produce or act as novel elicitors of induced resistance, proteins responsible for a gene-for-gene avirulent interaction between Trichoderma spp. and plants, mycoparasitism-related inducers, plant proteins specifically induced by Trichoderma, etc. We have transgenically demonstrated the ability of Trichoderma spp. to transfer heterologous proteins into plant during root colonization, and have used green fluorescent protein and other markers to study the interaction in vivo and in situ between Trichoderma spp. and the fungal pathogen or the plant.

关键词： Lixus nordmanni   biology   host plant range   Curculionidae   Eastern Turkey  

摘要： The biology and host plant range of Lixus nordmanni Hochhuth were studied in the eastern part of Turkey. This weevil feeds and grows on Heracleum trachyloma Fisch. et C.A. Mey, Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, Heracleum pastinacifolium C. Koch, H. platytaenium Boiss., Angelica sylvestris L. and Falcaria sp. of the family Apiaceae (=Umbellifera). In the early spring, adults emerged from overwintering places and started feeding on host plants. After feeding for several days on leaves, they mated and laid eggs on the main stem of a host. After emergence, larvae fed in stems up to late summer and pupated in the same places. Pupae were found at the beginning of autumn and then adults of the new generation emerged from the stem. Most of adults overwinter under dry plants at rootneck and under stones. L. nordmanni have one generation per year in eastern Anatolia. This Caucasian weevil species is recorded for the first time for Turkish fauna. The biology and host plant records are presented.

关键词： 生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7030159454

摘要： 全书共10章，分为3个部分。第一部分为杨树杂交胚胎学；第二部分探讨了松杉类远缘杂交的有性生殖生物学；第三部分将细胞生物学技术引用到树木育种中等。

关键词： ABSCISIC acid   MESSENGER RNA   PLANT hormones   PLANT regulators   ARABIDOPSIS  

摘要： To survive environmental stresses, plants must respond to the hormone abscisic acid. The receptors for this hormone have remained elusive, but one receptor with unique functions in flowering has now been identified.

关键词： 禾本科   自交不亲和性   S基因   Z基因   分子机制  

摘要： 禾本科植物自交不亲和性是禾本科植物中广泛存在的一种生殖隔离现象,有利于防止近交衰退、保持遗传变异。已报道自交不亲和禾本植物有着相同的自交不亲和系统,是一种特殊的配子体自交不亲和类型,和单一位点控制的自交不亲和性不同,其不亲和性由非连锁的两个复等位基因位点S和Z控制。自交不亲和反应中涉及了花粉蛋白质的磷酸化、Ca2+浓度的变化和蛋白激酶的参与,因此可能存在着复杂的信号传导级联反应,详细机制尚不清楚。目前S、Z基因的克隆和编码产物的鉴定均未有成功的报道,天蓝虉草可作为禾本自交不亲和性研究的一个模式作物,运用分离群体和比较基因组学方法构建S与Z位点的精细连锁图谱,以对自交不亲和基因进行图位克隆,是当前禾本科植物自交不亲和性研究的一个方向和热点。