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关键词： 植物生物学实验   教学改革   创新能力  

摘要： 通过更新植物生物学实验内容,建立模块化实验教学内容体系,实行灵活和开放式的教学方法和全面综合的考核机制,努力培养学生的创新意识、实际操作技能和创新能力。

关键词： 自交不亲和性   S基因座核酸酶   S基因座F-box蛋白   工作模型  

摘要： 自交不亲和性是植物特异性地识别并拒绝自花或亲缘关系很近的花粉的一种遗传机制,该特异性受S基因座控制。S-RNase介导的配子体型自交不亲和性在被子植物中分布最广泛,在茄科、蔷薇科和玄参科植物上研究比较深入。研究表明,雌雄双方的特异性决定因子分别是S基因座中具有多态性的核酸酶和含有F-box结构域蛋白基因,但其他修饰基因也参与其中。本文概括了该类自交不亲和性的研究现状,并根据最新研究进展就其工作模型作进一步探讨,同时简要提出今后的研究方向。

关键词： Pantoea ananatis   acyl-homoserine lactones   absolute configuration   quorum-sensing   Agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter assay  

摘要： In Gram-negative bacteria, the acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) are the main signaling substances employed in cell-to-cell communication systems. This paper describes the chemical characterization of acyl-HSLs produced by the worldwide-spread phytopathogen Pantoea ananatis (Serrano 1928) by using gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the major identified substance, (S)-(-)-N-hexanoyl-HSL, was determined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection with a chiral capillary column. Biological activities of extracts, fractions, and synthetic products were evaluated with the specific reporter Agrobacterium tumefaciensNTL4(pZLR4) in beta-galactosidase expression assays.

关键词： Integrate   neurobiology   Process plants   Auxins   Plant Biology   plant signals   Botany  

摘要： Plant neurobiology is a newly focused field of plant biology research that aims to understand how plants process the information they obtain from their environment to develop, prosper and reproduce optimally. The behavior plants exhibit is coordinated across the whole organism by some form of integrated signaling, communication and response system. This system includes long-distance electrical signals, vesicle-mediated transport of auxin in specialized vascular tissues, and production of chemicals known to be neuronal in animals. Here we review how plant neurobiology is being directed toward discovering the mechanisms of signaling in whole plants, as well as among plants and their neighbors.

关键词： 胰岛移植   血管内皮生长因子类   转染   大鼠  

摘要： 目的探讨转染人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因对大鼠胰岛移植物再血管化和生物学功能的影响。方法实验分二步进行,首先构建携带人血管内皮生长因子165(hVEGF165)基因的重组腺病毒载体AdhVEGF165,用其按病毒/细胞的感染倍数(MOI)分别为10、100、500的比例在体外转染新鲜分离、纯化的近交系Lewis大鼠胰岛,检测体外培养的胰岛表达hVEGF165基因的情况;然后按MOI为10的比例在体外用AdhVEGF165转染Lweis大鼠胰岛,再经门静脉注射至近交系Lewis大鼠的肝脏内(VEGF组),并设不含hVEGF165基因的空载体转染对照组(GFP组)和磷酸盐缓冲液处理对照组(PBS液组),术后测定受鼠的血糖变化,进行静脉糖耐量试验(IVGTT),并观察受鼠肝脏中移植胰岛的组织学变化。结果体外转染hVEGF165基因的大鼠胰岛分泌至细胞外的hVEGF165的浓度显著高于未转染者(P<0.01)。糖尿病大鼠移植转染hVEGF165基因的胰岛后,静脉注射葡萄糖后40、60、120min时的血糖水平显著低于GFP组和PBS液组(P<0.05);40min时体循环中胰岛素的浓度,VEGF组显著高于GFP组和PBS液组(P<0.05);VEGF组移植胰岛内CD34和胰岛素免疫组化染色的强度均高于GFP组和PBS液组。结论转染hVEGF165基因对胰岛移植物的再血管化和生物学功能有促进作用。

关键词： breeding system   hummingbirds   mistletoes   pollination   Psittacanthus  

摘要： Psittacanthus is the only genus in the family Loranthaccae that is considered a significant pest of woodlands and farmlands in Mexico and Central America, but relatively little attention has been given to the reproductive biology and pollination of natural populations. We present quantitative information on the floral morphology, breeding system, flowering phenology, nectar production, floral visitors, and pollinators of the mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus in Tlaxcala, Mexico. Its flowering phenology extends from April to October, with a major peak in July. Flowers last 5 days and produce abundant nectar (2.34 +/- 0.175 mu l per flower) with a constant sugar concentration (ca. 22%) throughout flower life span. Hand self-pollinations showed that this species is partially self-compatible (44% fruit set), whereas emasculated flowers produced no seeds. Hand out-crossed flowers produced a similar number of fruits (96%) compared to uninampulated control flowers visited by birds and insects (84%), showing no evidence for pollen limitation. Four hummingbird species were frequent visitors of mistletoe flowers, but they varied in visit duration and number of probes per flower. Artificial pollination of flowers with stuffed hummingbirds of the four species suggested that Hylocharis leucotis was the most effective pollinator.

关键词： stem borer   biological weed control   wetlands   life history   common reed  

摘要： Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel (Arundineae: Poaceae) is an invasive plant in freshwater and brackish North American wetlands. Inability to control this grass with chemical, mechanical, or physical means resulted in initiation of a biological weed control program. As part of investigations of potential biocontrol agents attacking P. australis in Europe, we compared distribution, life history, and host plant use of four sympatric stem-boring noctuid moths in the field and in common gardens. Archanara geminipuncta (Haworth) is the most widespread and abundant species followed by Archanara dissoluta (Treitschke), Archanara neurica (Hubner), and Arenostola phragmitidis (Hubner). The two early species, Aren. phragmitidis and Arch. neurica, hatch from overwintering eggs approximate to 2 wk before the later species, and shorter larval development causes adults of early species to emerge 2-4 wk before Arch. geminipuncta and Arch. dissoluta. Early Aren. phragmitidis and Arch. geminipuncta instars are facultatively gregarious, whereas Arch. dissoluta and Arch. neurica always occur as single individuals. Depending on the species, two to four shoot changes are necessary to complete development. All species pupate in P. australis shoots, except for Aren. phragmitidis, which pupates on the ground. Although we found subtle differences in life history and pbenology, current data are unable to explain large differences in field abundance of the four noctuid moths. Based on impact, field abundance, and distribution in the native range, Arch. geminipuncta seems the most promising potential biocontrol agent.

关键词： Binding Sites   Carbon Dioxide/metabolism   Catalysis   Evolution   Mutagenesis   Plants/enzymology   Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/genetics   Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/genetics   Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/metabolism   Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/metabolism  

摘要： Rubisco is said to be both the most important enzyme on Earth and surprisingly inefficient. Yet an understanding of the reaction by which it fixes CO2 suggests that evolution has made the best of a bad job.

关键词： 植物   重金属污染   分子生物学  

摘要： 重金属是一类重要的环境污染物,当环境中重金属数量超过某一临界值时,就会对植物产生一定的毒害作用。为此综述国内外有关植物重金属污染的分子生物学研究进展,主要涉及重金属对植物基因表达和蛋白质的影响,以及植物适应重金属胁迫的相关分子生物学机理的研究成果。

关键词： 玉蝉花   燕子花   溪荪   黄菖蒲   花卉生物学   鸢尾属植物   花芽分化  

摘要： 用花卉生物学的研究方法，对野外引种的玉蝉花(Irisensata)、燕子花(Irislaevigata)、溪荪(Irissanguinea)和栽培黄菖蒲(Irispseudacorus)进行了较系统的研究，得出以下研究结果：\n 1.玉蝉花、燕子花和溪荪自然种群呈集群分布。生长在林下的玉蝉花由于光照不足不能开花；燕子花对湿生条件要求严格，生长在常年积水的沼泽中，中生条件未见野外有分布；溪荪种群内在花色、花茎高度及分枝状况方面存在一定的变异。\n 2.种子生物学研究表明溪荪的种子没有休眠，而玉蝉花、燕子花和黄菖蒲的种子均存在不同程度的休眠；赤霉素处理和低温沙藏均可有效打破黄菖蒲种子的休眠；赤霉素对打破玉蝉花和燕子花种子休眠效果不显著，最有效的方法是低温沙藏。\n 3.个体发育生物学研究表明四种鸢尾一年生幼苗地上部分的年生长过程呈现“慢—快—慢”的节律；成年植株地上部分年生长周期可划分为4个生长时期，分别为：萌动生长期、抽茎开花期、花后营养生长期和枯萎期，其中花后营养生长期是全年中生长最旺盛的时期。\n 4.四种鸢尾一年生幼苗年生长过程中根系在8月份进入生长高峰；玉蝉花、溪荪和黄菖蒲成年植株根系在年生长过程中各有2个生长高峰，分别出现在春季和初秋。\n 5.对黄菖蒲进行了花芽分化研究，8月底花芽始创，至第二年4月下旬所有花器官分化完成。\n 6.完成了三个种的染色体计数：玉蝉花的染色体数为2n=24，溪荪的染色体数为2n=28，黄菖蒲的染色体数为2n=32。\n 7.