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关键词： 植物   内生细菌   生物学作用   应用潜力  

摘要： 植物内生细菌是指定殖在植物组织内部但不引起明显病害症状的细菌.虽然内生细菌的概念提出的时间较短,但已引起了科学家们的广泛关注.植物内生细菌对宿主植物具有许多有益生物学作用,揭示了其在农业领域中的巨大应用潜力.对植物内生细菌的生物学作用及其应用前景做了概述.

关键词： WRKY   转录因子   W—box  

摘要： WRKY转录因子是近年来在植物中发现的N-端含有WRKYGQK高度保守氨基酸序列的新型转录调控因子,它能够与(T)(T)TGAC(C/T)序列(W-box)发生特异性作用,调节启动子中含W-box元件的调节基因和/或功能基因的表达,从而参与植物的各种防卫反应,调节植物的生长发育等。文章主要论述了植物WRKY转录因子的基本结构及其生物学功能。

关键词： Animals   Bacillus growth & development isolation & purification metabolism   Cattle   Fusarium metabolism   Milk microbiology   Plant Roots microbiology   Plants growth &development microbiology   Seeds growth & development   Soil Microbiology  

摘要： A plant growth-promoting Paenibacillus lentimorbus NRRL B-30488 (B-30488) was isolated from cows' milk. Bacterial colonization and growth responses of different plant species after inoculation with B-30488 were evaluated in a controlled environment and in microplot assays. Survival and colonization of B-30488 in the phytosphere of plants and soil was monitored using a chromosomally located rifampicin-marked mutant B-30488 (B-30488R). The strain showed variable ability to invade plants. The interaction between B-30488R and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase enzymes were produced when B-30488R was grown in the presence of colloidal chitin as sole carbon source. Deliberate dilution of B-30488R with field soil offers a reliable process for decreasing the cost of bacterial inoculants in developing countries. Seed treatment of chickpea demonstrated significantly (P = 0.05) greater seedling mortality in nonbacterized compared with bacterized seedlings. Bacterization significantly (P = 0.05) improved seed germination, plant height, number of pods/plant(-1), and seed dry weight.

关键词： biology   Brazil   insect-plant interactions   Melastomataceae   Oncideres humeralis   wood anatomy  

摘要： Beetles in the genus Oncideres (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are girdlers and borers that can cause plant mortality and alterations in the recruitment and age structure of their host-plant populations. Host-plant association, oviposition behavior, development and insect associates of Oncideres humeralis were studied in southeastern Brazil. Oncideres humeralis Thorms used four species of Melastomataceae as host plants. Females oviposited in forks of branches and their larvae fed on the parenchyma tissue of the forks. Histological analyses showed that these sites were the softest parts of the branches and provided an entrance for newly hatched larvae. Females prepared their oviposition sites with their mandibles, and inserted their ovipositors into the slits to deposit one to three eggs under the bark. We found about six oviposition slits per branch and a mean of eight eggs per branch. The larvae bored into and grew inside the girdled branches. Larval development took 10-12 months. Another cerambycid, Temnopsis megracephala Germ, developed in the thinner sections of branches that had been girdled by O. humeralis and was thus considered a secondary colonizer.

关键词： Sclerotinia stem rot   soybean   aggregates stability   C mineralization   canonical redundancy analysis   microbial direct counts  

摘要： The effects of canopy, soil physico-chemical and microbiological variables on Sclerotinia, stem rot (SSR) on soybean were assessed in two soils (clay loam and sandy loam) using multiple regression and canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) and their partial form to control for the rotation (2 or 3-y-corn/soybean monoculture) and fertilization (mineral/urban compost) or spatial variables effects. The models revealed the minimal sets of variables that best explain the variance of the survival of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum's sclerotia, carpogenic germination, disease severity and their associations. In clay loam, the 3-y-corn rotation reduced disease severity mainly through the reduction of weed biomass that favoured carpogenic germination. Urban compost has a conducive effect explained by a better soil surface drainage. Additionally, total N was found suppressive to sclerotial survival. In sandy loam, the carpogenic germination was negatively correlated with high C mineralization quotient and aggregate stability but correlated positively with Ca. Sclerotial survival was negatively correlated with pH and Ca, and positively correlated with biological fertility index. Aggregate stability, Ca and pH were associated with the urban compost. The regression and RDA analyses allowed to identify key variables that drived SSR development and explain their relationship with the cultural practices, soil health, as well as the spatial variation of disease variables. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： .decade   Plant Biology   Biological Sciences   Developmental Biology   Life Sciences   Challenges   Plant molecular   prominent   last years   PLANT PHYSIOLOGY   mainland China   Reforms   Plant Biologists   modern plant   China plant  

摘要： The article on the development of modern plant biology research enterprise in China. Research and training programs in plant biology were established by overseas plant biologists Pei-sung Tang and Tsung-Le Loo in the 1930s which marked the start of modern plant biology research in the country. A background on institutions that focus on plant biology research in China such as the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology is offered.

关键词： Biological Evolution   Evolution   Genetic Speciation   Genetic Speciation   Geography   Oceans and Seas   Plant Physiological Phenomena   Plants/classification   Plants/genetics  

摘要： Arising from: V. Savolainen et al. Nature 441, 210-213 (2006); Savolainen et al reply. Comparative studies of populations, particularly with the help of molecular markers, are necessary to understand the mechanisms of speciation in isolated oceanic archipelagos. Savolainen et al. super(1) present comparative data on two endemic species of the palm genus Howea in Lord Howe Island, from which they infer that speciation was sympatric -that is, divergence had occurred in the absence of geographic isolation. However, the landscape of oceanic islands changes dramatically over time, with many disappearing under the sea after 6 million years or more, and Lord Howe Island is in a very late stage of its ontogeny. An alternative explanation, therefore, is that these two species did not evolve in situ but instead that they arose allopatrically after becoming geographically isolated at a time when the island was much larger and more diverse ecologically.

关键词： 植物学   雷公藤   生物学特性   适应性  

摘要： 历时4 a,调查了我国27个县(市)雷公藤属Tripterygium种质资源,建立种质资源收集库,定期观察雷公藤母本及无性系表型性状和生态适应性。结果表明,不同种质雷公藤的萌蘖性、生长势与造林成活率均存在差异,雷公藤***萌蘖性能明显优于昆明山海棠***,野生植株、种质资源收集库内母本及无性系后代均表现一致;在浙江丽水低海拔地区栽培,雷公藤造林成活率和幼林生长势也明显优于昆明山海棠。浙江类似地区雷公藤药材栽培应优先选用雷公藤,良种选育重点在雷公藤分布区内进行,既可提高良种选育效率,又可保证选育的良种适合丽水地区环境条件。

关键词： 科研   生产   教育部重点实验室   华中农业大学   柿   植物生物学   湖北省   园艺  

摘要： “首届全国柿生产和科研进展研讨会”于9月22—26日在华中农业大学召开。会议经“中国园艺学会干果分会”和“中国园艺学会柿分会筹委会”批准，由华中农业大学园艺林学学院承办，湖北省园艺学会和园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室协办。湖北、陕西、浙江、福建、河南、江西、北京、山西、云南、重庆、江苏、广西、河北和甘肃等14个省（市、区）的68名代表出席了研讨会。

关键词： 生物入侵   海滨盐沼   控制   生态后果   入侵机制   管理   互花米草  

摘要： 近20余年来,互花米草SpartinaalternifloraLoisel.在我国沿海及河口滩涂快速扩散,已成为我国海岸盐沼中最重要的入侵植物。本文介绍了互花米草的形态学、繁殖生物学、生物系统学、分布及全球范围内的入侵途径和历史,探讨了互花米草与沿海滩涂非生物环境、生物环境之间的相互作用及人类活动在互花米草成功入侵中的作用,并得出如下结论:互花米草的成功入侵是在人类活动的影响下,其入侵力(互花米草自身的生物学特性)与入侵生境的可入侵性(滩涂环境对入侵的抵抗力)相互作用的结果,其入侵可能对被入侵地的自然环境、生物多样性、生态系统乃至经济生活带来一系列影响。最后,提出对互花米草的控制只能通过早期预测并保持监控、一旦发现便及时根除的方法来进行。同时,我国应加强立法与相关知识的普及,最大限度地降低互花米草乃至其他外来生物入侵的可能性。