关键词：
小麦
禾本科植物
生物学
摘要：
The John Innes Centre is a major centre for research into the genetics, cytogenetics, molecular biology, pathology and biotechnology of cereals. Most work focuses on wheat, but barley, rye, maize, rice and millet species are also studied. Work on cereal cytogenetics is concerned with studying chromosome pairing and transferring new variation, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress resistance, from related alien species into wheat. The transfer of genes for mildew resistance, aluminum tolerance and salt tolerance are recent successes. Particularly significant at the present time is work to clone the gene Ph1 ,responsible for controlling the diploid meiotic behavior of hexaploid wheat. Using a comparative mapping approach and rice molecular tools, possible rice homologues of Ph1 have been isolated on rice BACs, and sequencing of these BACs has identified candidate genes. Work on cereal genomics is concerned with developing new molecular markers, particularly SSR markers, and using these for mapping and fingerprinting European wheat germplasm. Work to develop Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) systems has been initiated. Additionally, new genomic tools are being developed such as a hexaploid wheat BAC library, and the Department is involved in the ITEC EST sequencing and databasing, and the development of wheat DNA microarray technology. The Department has large projects concerned with identifying new major genes and QTL controlling important agronomic traits using molecular marker mediated forms of genetic analysis and precise genetic stocks, particularly recombinant substitution lines and recombinant doubled haploid populations. Major targets are genes controlling adaptation, drought and salt tolerance, pre harvest sprouting tolerance, bread making and animal feed quality, and adult plant resistance to fungal pathogens. The Department is a major centre for cereal transformation with programs on the genetic engineering of wheat, barley and rice, mainly, at prese
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