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关键词： 显微技术   植物生物学   植物生殖生物学   整体透明技术  

摘要： 通过采用不同的透明剂和透明方法,对番茄(Lycopercicon esculentum)侧根原基、加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)与一枝黄花(***)的亲和性识别反应和苏门白酒草(Conyza sumatrensis)的胚珠发育过程进行了观察,提供了整体透明技术在植物生物学中的应用实例,简要回顾了该技术在植物生殖生物学中的应用和发展状况,分析了该技术在植物生物学应用中的优势和不足,探讨了该技术应用中一些具体的技术环节,如透明剂的选择和使用以及与特殊用途显微镜的配合使用等方面的问题,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词： 濒危植物   猪血木   传粉生物学特性  

摘要： 猪血木是中国特有的山茶科单型属猪血木属的一种珍稀濒危植物，只在广东省阳春市八甲镇有分布，现存种群数量极少。对猪血木的开花物候、花部结构、访花昆虫及访花行为进行了观察，并针对猪血木的野外传粉过程进行了套袋对比实验。此有关其传粉生物学特性的研究结果表明：猪血木自然开花正常且花期长，自然结实率为42．4％～50．4％；猪血木为虫媒植物，传粉者为蜂、蝇、蝶等类的多种昆虫，在花上共捕到17种昆虫，其中9种在各居群均见分布，其传粉途径正常，为异花授粉植物。有鉴于猪血木分布地高强度的农业开发及城市化建设对其传粉昆虫生存及分布的影响，建议在对猪血木的保护策略中注意保护其传粉昆虫。

关键词： VBA编程   植物生物学   教学课件  

摘要： VBA是PowerPoint自带的集成编程环境,利用VBA可以实现课件中诸多复杂有趣的功能。通过3个实例阐述了VBA编程技术在《植物生物学》课件中的应用,使PowerPoint课件更具灵活性、条理性和清晰性。

关键词： Azadirachta indica   Costa Rica   phagodeterrence   Quassia amara   Ruta chalepensis   Sechium pittieri  

摘要： Deterrent and toxic substances known to affect Hypsipyla grandella larvae were bioassayed to determine their possible systemic activity under laboratory conditions in Turrialba, Costa Rica. Leaflets from Spanish cedar Cedrela odorata seedlings grown in vitro on culture media treated with different plant extracts were excised from the seedlings and exposed to H. grandella larvae. Both Azatin EC (derived from neem, Azadirachta indica) and plant extracts (from Quassia amara wood, Ruta chalepensis leaves and Sechium pittieri fruits) were able to translocate within Spanish cedar seedlings and express their biological activity against H. grandella larvae. Rates of leaflet consumption were nil for seedlings treated with the commercial standard (carbofuran) and Azatin EC, both causing larval death. Intermediate levels of consumption were reached with the three plant extracts, all of them causing deterrence, because they precluded feeding activity by larvae when exposed to treated leaflets.

关键词： Absorbable Implants   Anti-Infective Agents   Local   Bone and Bones   Disinfection   可吸收性植入物   抗感染药   局部   骨和骨组织   消毒   Absorbable Implants   Disinfection   Bone Transplantation   Rifamycins   Bone and Bones   Anti Infective Agents  

摘要： Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate methods of removing pathogenic microorganisms from bone grafts that have been contaminated during surgery. Materials and Methods: Femora were removed from Sprague-Dawley rats and were divided into sections and contaminated in solutions of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Contaminated bone specimens in each group were immersed in various solutions for specified periods so their antibacterial effects could be evaluated. After these procedures were performed, bone specimens were cultured in nutrient media. Bone structure was evaluated, and the appropriate decontamination method was selected. Results: Solutions such as povidone-iodine, neomycin, cephazolin sodium, and rifamycin were found to be effective decontaminants. These solutions did not damage the bone structure. Among these solutions, only rifamycin was effective against all bacteria used in this study to contaminate bone grafts. Conclusions: Rifamycin seems to be the most suitable agent for the elimination of contamination introduced into bone grafts during surgery. (c) 2007 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

关键词： 苯丙氨酸解氨酶   作用机制   表达调控  

摘要： 苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylanlanine ammonialyase,PAL,E.C.4.***.1.5)作为植物次生代谢特别是苯丙烷途径的关键酶,与植物抵抗病原菌入侵有密切关系,具有重要的植物生理意义。本文综述了植物PAL的存在与分布、分子结构、酶学性质和作用机制,应用酶学和分子生物学知识阐述了其表达调控机理,并在基因水平上对PAL的分子生物学研究进行了展望,旨在为今后PAL在植物抗病应用上提供基础数据。

关键词： 顺式作用因子   植物转录因子   表观遗传   变异   多倍化  

摘要： 植物发生变异或分化的本质是基因表达模式发生变化的结果,而基因表达多是在转录水平进行调控的。文章通过分析总结前人在这一领域内的大量研究成果,系统地从遗传学(genetics)和表观遗传学(epigenetics)两个角度对植物基因在转录水平上的调控方式及其生物学意义进行了总结性阐述,分析了这一研究领域目前所面临的挑战,展望了该领域今后的发展及应用前景。

关键词： stemborers   Chilo partellus   maize   Striga hermonthica   oviposition  

摘要： Sternborers and Striga herinonthica co-exist in cereal fields in sub-Saharan Africa where together they cause crop damage that sometimes results in total crop loss. Striga alters both the chemistry and morphology of cereals and this may influence behaviour and performance of stemborers on the host plants. Studies were undertaken to compare the effects of various levels of Striga infestation of maize on oviposition preference and survival of Chilo partellus. Potted maize plants were exposed to different densities of Striga seeds (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000/pot) and subsequent effects on C partellus oviposition evaluated in no-choice and choice-tests. In addition, larval arrestment, settlement, feeding, growth and development were assessed. Results showed that Striga infestation and plant height had non-significant influence on oviposition preference of C partellus, except in 2-choice assays involving uninfested maize and one under high Striga infestation, in which case they preferred to oviposit on the latter. Similarly, Striga infestation had no influence on larval arrest and settlement. The larvae, however, consumed significantly more of the leaves and stems from uninfested than infested maize plants, with a progressive decline in the consumed proportions with increasing level of Striga infestation. Larval food assimilation was not influenced by Striga infestation, but larval period, percentage of pupation and growth rate were significantly higher on uninfested plants as compared to medium and high Striga infested plants. Possible reasons underlying these observations and their implications are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： botanists   botany   botany departments   natural history   organismal biology   plant science  

摘要： The number of botany students, botany classes, botany departments in universities and botanists attending conventions has been declining over many years in North America. This is part of a general trend throughout the field of organismal biology, not just botany. The history leading up to the situation today in North. America, is discussed and reasons are given for this trend over the last century of time. Seven ways to keep botany a viable occupation are discussed otherwise botany, in the 21st century, may go the way of the dinosaur. (c) 2007 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.