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关键词： PLANT growth   PLANT cells & tissues   PHYTOCHROMES   PLANT hormones   GIBBERELLINS  

摘要： The article presents information on plant growth and plant cell biology. It has been uncovered by researchers how plants can adapt their growth under varying environmental conditions. This is because they demonstrate that phytochrome interacting factors are key components in a signalling network which coordinates plant development in reaction to light and gibberellin hormones.

关键词： 植物   光合作用   转运蛋白   光合产物   糖  

摘要： 文章就高等植物光合同化物转运蛋白家族的结构、分类、表达位点、生物学功能及其与光合同化物运输和分配的关系的研究进展作介绍。

关键词： 伯乐树   半枫荷   国家重点保护植物   生物学特性   繁殖栽培  

摘要： 伯乐树和半枫荷分别为伯乐树科落叶乔木和金缕梅科常绿乔木,在我国长江流域以南各省区有零星分布,两者均为我国的国家重点保护野生植物和珍稀濒危植物,在科研上有重要意义。其树形美观,叶和花果兼俱特色,具有较高的观赏价值。文章就其形态特征、分布和生态、开花结实特性和繁殖栽培进行叙述,并探讨其在园林中应用的意义和配置,以供迁地保存和园林应用参考。

关键词： Miscanthus   x   giganteus   高大禾草   能源植物  

摘要： 奇岗Miscanthus x giganteus是由日本引入欧洲的一种高大禾草,在欧洲已有数十年的栽培历史。近20年来被作为有潜力的工业原料植物,进行了深入的研究。这种植物近来被作者引入中国,其汉语名称暂定为奇岗(商品名芒杞)。文中对这种植物提出了新的和详尽的描述。这种植物的主要特点是:杂交种、三倍体、花不育、花序外形似荻***;横生茎与秆丛集,秆直立。

关键词： 蒜头果   开花进程   繁育系统   传粉昆虫  

摘要： 2003—2005年在广西巴马县对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果花部形态特征、开花进程、繁育系统、访花者类别、访花行为和传粉效果进行了研究。结果表明:①蒜头果通常于4月初开花,花期约30 d,单花开放的持续时间约8 d,开花期间具有较为浓烈的香气。②蒜头果虽然具备自交亲和能力,但在自然环境中则以异花传粉为主,且需要传粉者;蒜头果不存在无融合生殖,其繁育系统属于混合交配型。③记录到蒜头果访花昆虫共有8目36科43种;经过鉴定,确定传粉昆虫有7目18科19种;昆虫的访花频率因昆虫的种类不同而有很大的差别,以蜂类的访花频率最高。④连续3年观察到的传粉昆虫种类不同,花期阴雨天气对昆虫访花活动和传粉效果的影响是蒜头果濒危的重要原因之一。

关键词： 植物   细胞凋亡   诱因  

摘要： 细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的、主动的细胞死亡过程,它对植物正常生长发育起重要作用。本文对高等植物细胞凋亡的诱因及生物学意义进行了综述,为深入研究植物细胞凋亡提供参考。

关键词： lipid-transfer proteins   lipid binding   plant defense   extracellular signaling   cuticle  

摘要： Plant lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) are abundant, small, lipid binding proteins that are capable of exchanging lipids between membranes in vitro. Despite their name, a role in intracellular lipid transport is considered unlikely, based on their extracellular localization. A number of other biological roles, including antimicrobial defense, signaling, and cell wall loosening, have been proposed, but conclusive evidence is generally lacking, and these functions are not well correlated with in vitro activity or structure. A survey of sequenced plant genomes suggests that the two biochemically characterized families of LTPs are phylogenetically restricted to seed plants and are present as substantial gene families. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of LTP biochemistry, as well as the evidence supporting the proposed in vivo roles of these proteins within the emerging post-genomic framework.

关键词： communication   organisation   patterning   plant neurobiology   plant intelligence   signalling  

摘要： This paper analyses the recent debates on the emerging science of plant neurobiology, which claims that the individual green plant should be considered as an intelligent organism. Plant neurobiology tries to use elements from animal physiology as elegant metaphors to trigger the imagination in solving complex plant physiological elements of signalling, internal and external plant communication and whole-plant organisation. Plant neurobiology proposes useful concepts that stimulate discussions on plant behaviour. To be considered a new science, its added value to existing plant biology needs to be presented and critically evaluated. A general, scientific approach is to follow the so-called 'parsimony principle', which calls for simplest ideas and the least number of assumptions for plausible explanation of scientific phenomena. The extent to which plant neurobiology agrees with or violates this general principle needs to be examined. Nevertheless, innovative ideas on the complex mechanisms of signalling, communication, patterning and organisation in higher plants are badly needed. We present current views on these mechanisms and the specific role of auxins in regulating them. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

关键词： 体细胞胚   组织学   超微结构   组织化学   基因调控  

摘要： 体细胞胚发生是植物界的一个普遍现象,本文从组织细胞学、超微结构、电镜细胞化学、分子生物学等方面对体细胞胚发生发育过程中的形态建成和细胞结构,Ca2+和ATPase的动态变化,淀粉和蛋白质代谢,核糖体、线粒体等对极性变化的影响,畸形胚的发生和体胚同步化的诱导调控,基因调控等方面进行了综述,为进一步深入了解体细胞胚的发生发育规律及基因调控机制以及植物高效再生体系的建立提供参考。

关键词： 吴茱萸   生物学特性   栽培技术   药用植物   芸香科植物   传统中药   发展前景   高血压  

摘要： 吴茱萸为芸香科植物，也称吴萸、吴芋、茶辣、辣子。以果实入药，是我国传统中药之一。主产四川、贵州、广西、陕西、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、湖南、湖北等省区。果实入药，味辛、苦、热，有温中散寒止痛，降逆止呕，助阳止泻等功能；主治脘腹寒痛、胃寒呕吐、厥阴头痛、寒疝腹痛、寒湿脚气、经行腹痛、五更泄泻等，外用可治高血压、湿疹等症。吴茱萸适应性强，生长快，第四年进入盛果期，每667m^2可收鲜果150～500kg，植株寿命10～20年，是一次种植多年受益的药材。目前市场收购价为20～40元／kg，发展前景看好。