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关键词： 悬钩子属   生物学作用   研究  

摘要： 悬钩子属(Rubus)植物是蔷薇科(Rosaceae)中的一个大属,全世界已知有750余种,我国约有210多种,分布广泛,但以长江以南及西北地区多见。本属植物中有些种类果实柔嫩多汁,营养丰富;有些种类的果实、种子、根及叶可入药,药用价值较高,具活血化瘀,祛风祛湿,清热解毒,止血止痛,固肾涩精等功效。20世纪80年代以来,我国覆盆子研究利用引起了人们的关注。就近年来悬钩子属植物生物学作用研究情况作一总结。

关键词： Action potential   Plant behavior   Plant neurobiology   Sensory biology   Communication   Signaling  

摘要： In plants, numerous parameters of both biotic and abiotic environments are continuously monitored. Specialized cells are evolutionary-optimized for effective translation of sensory input into developmental and motoric output. Importantly, diverse physical forces, influences, and insults induce immediate electric responses in plants. Recent advances in plant cell biology, molecular biology, and sensory ecology will be discussed in the framework of recently initiated new discipline of plant sciences, namely plant neurobiology.

关键词： aerobiology   contact dermatitis   food security   pharmacology   toxicology  

摘要： BACKGROUND: Although the issue of anthropogenic climate forcing and public health is widely recognized, one fundamental aspect has remained underappreciated: the impact of climatic change on plant biology and the well-being of human systems. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to critically evaluate the extant and probable links between plant function and human health, drawing on the pertinent literature. DISCUSSION: Here we provide a number of critical examples that range over various health concerns related to plant biology and climate change, including aerobiology, contact dermatitis, pharmacology, toxicology, and pesticide use. CONCLUSIONS: There are a number of clear links among climate change, plant biology, and public health that remain underappreciated by both plant scientists and health care providers. We demonstrate the importance of such links in our understanding of climate change impacts and provide a list of key questions that will help to integrate plant biology into the current paradigm regarding climate change and human health.

关键词： Architectural modelling   biomechanics   functional ecology   gravisensing   gravitropism   growth kinematics   mechanoperception   phenotyping   reaction wood   systems biology  

摘要： The study of gravitropic movements in plants has enjoyed a long history of research going back to the pioneering works of the 19th century and the famous book entitled 'The power of movement in plants' by Charles and Francis Darwin. Over the last few decades, the emphasis has shifted towards the cellular and molecular biology of gravisensing and the onset of auxin gradients across the organs. However, our understanding of plant movement cannot be completed before quantifying spatio-temporal changes in curvature and how they are produced through the motor process of active bending and controlled by gravisensing. This review sets out to show how combining approaches borrowed from continuum mechanics (kinematic imaging, structural modelling) with approaches from physiology and modern molecular biology has made it possible to generate integrative biomechanical models of the processes involved in gravitropism at several levels. The physiological and biomechanical bases are reviewed and two of the most complete integrative models of the gravireaction organ available are then compared, highlighting how the comparison between movements driven by differential growth and movements driven by reaction wood formation in woody organs has provided highly informative key insights. The advantages of these models as tools for analysing genetic control through quantitative process-based phenotyping as well as for identifying target traits for ecological studies are discussed. It is argued that such models are tools for a systems biology approach to gravitropic movement that has the potential to resolve at least some of the research questions raised 150 years ago.

关键词： RNA沉默   病毒抑制子   生物学应用  

摘要： RNA沉默(RNA silencing)是真核生物细胞内保守的和序列特异的RNA降解系统。高等植物中病毒诱导的、以降解病毒为目标的RNA沉默是一种寄主适应性防御系统。为了对该系统进行防御,植物病毒已进化形成了在RNA沉默的不同阶段起作用,并最终战胜寄主沉默反应的病毒抑制蛋白。本文讨论了现今鉴定和初步分析抑制子的方法以及抑制子的作用模式;同时对植物沉默抑制子的生物学应用包括用抑制子解析RNA沉默途径、用抑制子增强外源蛋白表达水平以及抑制子引起发育缺陷等进行了讨论。

关键词： 植物甾醇   生理功能   饲料   添加剂   动物  

摘要： 植物甾醇是我国农业部2008年批准的一种新型功能性饲料添加剂。该文简述了植物甾醇的性质和来源、提取与精制,比较全面地介绍了植物甾醇对胆固醇代谢的影响、抗氧化作用、类激素功能、抗癌作用、免疫调节功能、抗炎作用与调节生长作用等生理功能,对植物甾醇的吸收、分布和转化及其在动物生产中的应用进行了综述。

关键词： 细胞生物学   植物细胞   逆境   细胞结构   植物抗逆性   分子水平   学术水平   功能变化  

摘要： 《逆境植物细胞生物学》，是对植物在细胞及分子水平研究中取得的新成果的一个较全面、系统的总结，具有很高的学术水平。书中的第一篇“正常条件下植物细胞的结构与功能”，既是该书中逆境植物细胞结构与功能变化的对比分析的基础，也弥补了以前的细胞生物学书籍阐述植物细胞的特异结构与功能相对较少的不足。《逆境植物细胞生物学》的出版，对于我国进一步开展植物抗逆性和普通细胞生物学的研究与教学将起到重要作用。

关键词： 植物衰老   衰老相关基因   表达调控   分子机制  

摘要： 叶片早衰是影响牧草和其他农作物产量和品质的重要因素之一。深刻揭示植物衰老的分子机制,对于牧草等作物生产中采用适宜的延缓衰老技术,进而提高牧草作物的光合生产力和改善其品质具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究表明,植物衰老的起始、伴随衰老发生的生化代谢和生理过程变化,以及随植物衰老进程发生的外部形态特征改变,均是由一群衰老相关基因的特异性有序表达及其协同作用的结果。本研究对近年来有关植物衰老相关基因的克隆、基因功能分类、表达调控和延缓植物衰老基因工程等方面的研究进行了概述,旨在为今后从延缓植物衰老角度改善牧草作物的产量和品质提供参考依据。

关键词： 入侵植物   生物学   细菌感染   警报   摘除   防御系统   研究人员   科学家  

摘要： 英国、德国、瑞士三国科学家近日通过研究．揭示了病菌如何征服植物的防御系统。研究人员表示，理解病菌入侵植物的机制将能帮助科学家研发出新的对抗植物疾病的方法，而无需使用对人体和环境有害的杀虫剂。相关论文12月4日在线发表于《当代生物学》（Current Biology）。

关键词： 教育部重点实验室   华中农业大学   马铃薯   生命科学技术   工程技术研究中心   学院   植物生物学   学科带头人  

摘要： 马铃薯实验室是＂国家蔬菜改良中心华中分中心＂、＂园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室＂的重要组成部分。依托本实验室2003年成立了＂湖北省马铃薯工程技术研究中心＂。实验室坚持“严谨、求实、协作、创新”的学风．形成r以谢从华和柳俊教授为学科带头人的中青年创新群体，围绕国家目标，瞄准学科前沿，立足生产实际，