教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 植物解剖学   结构   植物学科   植物生物学   生长过程   基础知识   生理学   园艺学  

摘要： 对于学习植物学科来说一个对植物生长过程以及植物解剖学和生理学的大概了解是至关重要的，这些方面对于包括植物学、植物生物学和园艺学在内的一系列领域也都是重要的基础知识。

关键词： 植物多糖   生物学功能   畜牧生产   动物生产性能   生物聚合物   应用   天然   机体免疫力  

摘要： 多糖是自然界中含量最丰富的生物聚合物，广泛分布于植物、动物和微生物中，由超过10个单糖分子聚合而成的化合物。近年来，各国学者研究发现，很多从植物中提取的多糖具有非常重要与特殊的生理活性，在促进机体免疫力、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗衰老、抗炎、降低血脂及改善动物生产性能等方面有一定作用（Maruyama等，2006），

关键词： 生物学特性   桃儿七   药用植物   多年生草本植物   技术   栽培   小檗科   鬼臼  

摘要： 1生物学特性桃儿七[Sinopodophyllum emo-dii(Wall.)Ying],又名桃耳七、小叶莲、铜筷子、鸡素苔,中药名鬼臼,藏药名奥毛塞、鹅木塞、蒿果,小檗科鬼臼属多年生草本植物,高50~80cm。根状茎粗壮,生有多数红褐色或淡褐色马尾状的根,横走。茎直立,中空,不分枝,基部有叶状膜质鞘,上部有2~3叶,具长柄;叶片心形,直径约25cm,3或5深裂几达基部,裂片再3(2)裂达近中部,小裂片先端渐尖,边缘被尖锯齿,叶背面被白色长软毛,叶柄长20~30cm。花单生,先叶开放,萼片早落;花瓣6,倒卵形,淡粉红色,边缘波状,外轮的长3~4.5cm,宽2.5~3cm,内轮3片较小;雄蕊6,长9mm,花丝向内弯,花药窄矩圆形;子房1室,斜卵圆形,花柱短。浆果卵圆形,红色,直径3.5cm,长5.5~6.5cm,种子多数,黑色。花期5-6月,果期8-9月。生于海拔2200~4200m高山林绿及灌木丛中。中药以桃儿七的根及根茎部分,藏药以浆果及种子入药。分布于甘肃、四川、青海、陕西、云南、西藏等省区,甘南高原主要分布在玛曲境内的黄河流域及夏河、合作市、碌曲、迭部、卓尼、临潭、舟曲境内的白龙江、洮河和大夏河林区地...

关键词： B型烟粉虱   寄主植物   选择性   生物学参数  

摘要： 通过培养皿内自由扩散观察和生物学观察,对黄瓜、茄子、辣椒、棉花和甘薯上B型烟粉虱的寄主选择性和生物学参数进行了研究.结果表明:B型烟粉虱成虫向寄主植物叶片自由扩散的初始阶段(2h),各寄主植物叶片上虫量的差异不大,在随后的4～48h内黄瓜叶片上的虫量不断增加,茄子、棉花和甘薯叶片上的虫量相对稳定,而辣椒叶片上的虫量却不断下降,说明B型烟粉虱对黄瓜的选择性最强、对辣椒的选择性最弱,且饥饿和吡虫啉预处理均不影响B型烟粉虱的寄主选择性;取食不同寄主植物烟粉虱成虫的蜜露分泌量差异显著,从高到低依次为黄瓜、甘薯、棉花、茄子、辣椒;黄瓜、茄子、甘薯、棉花上烟粉虱成虫的寿命显著长于辣椒,其平均单雌产卵量(分别为224.33粒、182.33粒、191.73粒和172.60粒)也均显著高于辣椒(47.83粒);各寄主植物上烟粉虱卵的孵化率和发育历期差异均不显著;烟粉虱若虫在黄瓜、茄子、甘薯和棉花上的发育历期分别为10.60d、11.96d、11.11d和13.20d,死亡率分别为5.21%、27.78%、17.24%和37.11%,在辣椒上不能完成正常发育.

关键词： 植物分类检索表   实验   教改  

摘要： 本文结合非生物学专业植物分类检索表实验课程教学的改革，从实验预习、实验教学模式、实验教学方法、实验考核等方面作了新的探索，收到了良好教学效果。

关键词： Israeli Phytopathological Society   Keynote address  

摘要： Four major and formative events have shaped the profession of plant pathology in Israel: (i) The establishment, in 1921, of the first Department of Plant Pathology, at the Agricultural Experiment Station. (ii) The establishment, in 1942, of the Faculty of Agriculture, at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (iii) The first congress of plant pathology in Israel in 1967, followed by 29 more meetings in the coming 42 years. (iv) The foundation of the Israeli Phytopathological Society in 1970. The various studies carried out during these nine decades have covered all major developments and issues in plant pathology.

关键词： Plants   Phosphorus nutrition   Phosphate   Gene regulation   P-deficiency   P-starvation response  

摘要： The article presents a discussion on the regulation of phosphorus (P) nutrition in plants. The author discusses the relevance of phosphorous as a soil resource in agricultural and natural settings as well as the identification of genes that allow plants to utilize phosphorous efficiently. Phosphorous is used by plants in physiological and biochemical processes including cellular energy systems, membrane integrity, structure and function of nucleic acids, and sugar metabolism. The use of P-based fertilizers to overcome soil P deficiency in agriculture is also noted.

关键词： Armoracia   horseradish   ethnobotany   Eastern Europe   Russia   root crop  

摘要： Ethnobotany of Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana , Brassicaceae) and Its Wild Relatives ( Armoracia spp.): Reproductive Biology and Local Uses in Their Native Ranges. Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) has been cultivated for its root for over 2,000 years. Today, commercial production takes place primarily in North America and Europe where A. rusticana is propagated exclusively vegetatively. Like many vegetatively-propagated crops, cultivated A. rusticana plants are generally sterile. Armoracia rusticana is one of three species in the genus: A. macrocarpa is native to the Central Danube River Basin, A. rusticana is putatively native to Eastern Europe, and A. sisymbrioides is native to Siberia. Documenting the ways in which the three Armoracia species are used in their putative native ranges and the reproductive biology of Armoracia in these regions will advance understanding of the role of humans in the evolution of sterility in A. rusticana. In this broad-scale ethnobotanical analysis, we document 1) which Armoracia species are used in different geographic regions, 2) the reproductive biology of cultivated and natural Armoracia populations, and 3) the uses of Armoracia species in their native areas. Fieldwork was conducted in Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia. Ethnobotanical data were collected through written questionnaires. In all areas visited, A. rusticana is the primary Armoracia species;however, there is regional variation in the way the plant is used. Armoracia rusticana is propagated vegetatively and is not found in the wild. Armoracia macrocarpa and A. sisymbrioides reproduce by seed in nature. These data provide an understanding of contemporary uses and management strategies of Armoracia species in their native ranges, demonstrate the differential reproductive biology of a clonally-propagated crop relative to its wild progenitors, and emphasize the importance of ethnobotanical data collection for crops and their wild relatives from a broad geographic

关键词： Adaptation, Physiological/genetics   Adaptation, Physiological/physiology   Ethylenes/metabolism   Floods   Genes, Plant   Gibberellins/metabolism   Oryza sativa/genetics   Oryza sativa/genetics   Oryza sativa/growth & development   Oryza sativa/growth & development   Oryza sativa/metabolism   Oryza sativa/metabolism   Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism   Plant Proteins/genetics   Plant Proteins/metabolism   Quantitative Trait Loci   Water/metabolism  

摘要： The article focuses on the study conducted by Hattori and colleagues where they have delineated two SNORKEL genes controlling deepwater shoot elongation in rice (Orayza sativa). Both genes are members of ethylene-response-factor (ERF) transcription factors which are highly explicit in submerged stems. It imparts that underwater elongation characteristic of plants suggest that gibberellic acid regulating molecular components control the ecological distribution of many wetland plants.