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关键词： Auxin   Aux/IAA   Auxin probe   F-box protein   Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)   TIR1/AFB  

摘要： Research into the plant hormone auxin has always been tightly linked with the use of small molecules, In fact, most of the known players in auxin signaling and transport in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were Identified by screening for resistance to auxin analogues. The use of high-throughput screening technologies has since yielded many novel molecules, opening the way for the identification of new target proteins to further elucidate known pathways. Here, we give an overview of well-established and novel molecules used in auxin research and highlight the current status and future perspectives of chemical biology approaches to auxin biology.

关键词： MEDICINAL plants   NONFICTION  

摘要： The article reviews the book "Methods in Molecular Biology 547: Protocols for In Vitro Cultures and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants," by S. Mohan Jain and Praveen K. Saxena.

关键词： .sterilia  

关键词： 资源植物   生物学   好好芭   油料作物   旱地农业   科学出版社   基因   工业  

摘要： 北京师范大学张根发教授编著、中国科学院出版基金资助的《好好芭资源生物学》一书已由科学出版社出版,全书457千字,定价：88.00元。

关键词： 端粒生物学   植物   端粒DNA   端粒结合蛋白   核糖核蛋白   复合结构   染色体   生物基因组  

摘要： 端粒是构成真核生物线状染色体末端重要的DNA-蛋白质复合结构,端粒DNA由简单串联重复序列组成。端粒对染色体、整个生物基因组,甚至对细胞的稳定都具有重要意义。端粒结合蛋白能与端粒DNA上的特异序列相结合,为染色体末端加帽,防止外切核酸酶对其的降解以及染色体末端间的融合,从而保证了染色体的稳定性。端粒DNA的合成由一种特殊的具有反转录活性的核糖核蛋白(端粒酶)参与完成。端粒酶是由RNA模板和蛋白亚基组成的核蛋白颗粒。本文从端粒的研究历史、端粒的结构与功能、端粒结合蛋白、端粒酶的功能及在植物中的研究等方面总结了端粒和端粒酶的研究进展。

关键词： PLD   基因研究   结构   功能  

摘要： 综述了植物磷脂酶D(PLD)的基因研究进展及PLD的分类、结构和功能,并对PLD的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词： Systems biologies   Genetic networks  

摘要： The shoot apical meristem is a population of stem cells which controls the initiation of leaves, flowers and branches during the entire life of the plant. Although we have gained significant new insight in the nature of the genetic networks and cellular processes that control meristem function, major questions have remained unsolved. It has been difficult, for instance, to define the precise role of genetic determinants in controlling morphogenesis and the control of shape is currently a major and largely unresolved issue in plant biology. This is a difficult task, notably because it is close to impossible to predict the activity of a single gene, in a context where thousands of genes interact. Systems biology has emerged as a powerful tool to address this type of issue. Systems biology analyses processes such as plant development at different scales, describing not only the properties of individual cells but also their interactions. The complexity of the information involved is such, that it cannot be understood and integrated on a purely intuitive basis. For this reason, building on the acquisition of quantitative data, computer models have become more and more important. The first models have begun to reproduce gene network behaviours and dynamical shape changes, providing new insight in the control of morphogenesis. To cite this article: J. Traas, O. Hamant, C. R. Biologies 332 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Botany   Charles Darwin   Julius Sachs   plant biology   plant physiology  

摘要： As a student of theology at Cambridge University, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) attended the lectures of the botanist John S. Henslow (1796-1861). This instruction provided the basis for his life-long interest in plants as well as the species question. This was a major reason why in his book On the Origin of Species, which was published 150 years ago, Darwin explained his metaphorical phrase 'struggle for life' with respect to animals and plants. In this article, we review Darwin's botanical work with reference to the following topics: the struggle for existence in the vegetable kingdom with respect to the phytochrome-mediated shade avoidance response;the biology of flowers and Darwin's plant-insect co-evolution hypothesis;climbing plants and the discovery of action potentials;the power of movement in plants and Darwin's conflict with the German plant physiologist Julius Sachs;and light perception by growing grass coleoptiles with reference to the phototropins. Finally, we describe the establishment of the scientific discipline of Plant Biology that took place in the USA 80 years ago, and define this area of research with respect to Darwin's work on botany and the physiology of higher plants.

关键词： Pisum sativum   Flowering   Modelling   Genetics   Ecophysiology  

摘要： As part of a breeding strategy applied to pea (Pisum sativum L.), we propose the use of modelling as a tool for studying flowering time. The pea, both a crop and a model species for developmental processes, represents a valuable tool for systems biology approaches. A preliminary computational model for flowering control was previously developed based on genetic and physiological approaches. This paper discusses possible improvements of the model based on recent molecular advances on the regulation of flowering in peas and the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. A combination of a genetic approach together with agroecophysiological models that are not based on genotype, built into a complete model for flowering time prediction is also proposed. This complete model should allow an accurate prediction of flower initiation and also provide an integrative tool that will be useful for various purposes, from genetic networks to crop models. To cite this article: B. Wenden, C. Rameau, C. R. Biologies 332 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA指纹图谱   化学指纹图谱   药用植物   中药   鉴别   基因分型   植物条形码  

摘要： 用药用植物研制生产的植物添加剂,中草药制剂和先导化合物在世界各国受到越来越多的关注。据WHO统计,全球的植物药市场已接近400亿美元。为保护消费者,促进相关产业良性发展,药用植物的鉴别至关重要。鉴别工作应贯穿于植物采收到制成品的全过程,用单一方法显然无法满足此要求,必须将多学科的原理技术结合应用,形成监管链。首先要有好的凭证标本作为参考材料。植物的大体和显微镜检查是经济快速的鉴别技术,化学分析在植物鉴别中亦有重要作用。以上方法各有其局限性,故已开发多种分子生物学方法用于鉴别分析。本文结合作者近年研究,对基于分子生物学和基因组学的药用植物鉴别的研究意义,基于微芯片的植物鉴别策略,分子鉴别的影响因素和实际应用等方面做一评述,提出今后研究应用方向。