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关键词： CRUCIFERAE   NONFICTION  

摘要： The article reviews the book 'Biology and Breeding of Crucifers,' edited by Surinder Kumar Gupta.

关键词： Arabidopsis   root biology   genomics   development   genetics   transcriptome  

摘要： P>Prior to the availability of the genome sequence, the root of Arabidopsis had attracted a small but ardent group of researchers drawn to its accessibility and developmental simplicity. Roots are easily observed when grown on the surface of nutrient agar media, facilitating analysis of responses to stimuli such as gravity and touch. Developmental biologists were attracted to the simple radial organization of primary root tissues, which form a series of concentric cylinders around the central vascular tissue. Equally attractive was the mode of propagation, with stem cells at the tip giving rise to progeny that were confined to cell files. These properties of root development reduced the normal four-dimensional problem of development (three spatial dimensions and time) to a two-dimensional problem, with cell type on the radial axis and developmental time along the longitudinal axis. The availability of the complete Arabidopsis genome sequence has dramatically accelerated traditional genetic research on root biology, and has also enabled entirely new experimental strategies to be applied. Here we review examples of the ways in which availability of the Arabidopsis genome sequence has enhanced progress in understanding root biology.

关键词： .Host plants   VERTICILLATA   MACROPLEA   JAPANA  

摘要： The beetle Macroplea japana was evaluated for its potential as an agent for biological control of hydrilla. Our field surveys and lab observations indicate that all stages of this beetle live underwater feeding upon the base of their host plant near the hydrosoil. Surveys for the beetles were conducted in 10 provinces but they were found only in Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou. In the field, we found the beetle fed and completed its development on 9 plant species in 7 different genera. Considering this wide host range, it is unlikely that M. japana will be developed as a biological control agent for hydrilla.

关键词： antibiosis and potential biohazards   biological control   host associations   Lysobacter   Stenotrophomonas   taxonomy  

摘要： P>The exploration of new source materials and the use of alternative isolation and identification methods have led to rapid expansion in the knowledge of diversity;in Lysobacter, 11 new species having been described since 2005, and in Stenotrophomonas with six new species since 2000. The new species of Lysobacter, isolated by dilution and direct plating on standard media, differ in several key phenotypic properties from those obtained by enrichment on complex polysaccharides in the original description of the genus. Revision of the definition of the genus will be required. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to assess community structure, in a variety of host and nonhost environments, have established that some species of Lysobacter are a dominant component of the microflora, where previously their presence had not been suspected. Culture-independent studies have generally not added new information on the occurrence and distribution of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and other members of the genus, which are readily isolated on standard media from source materials. Lysobacter enzymogenes and Sten. maltophilia produce similar antibiotics and share some enzyme activities which, subject to safety considerations, may make them attractive candidates for use in biological control of plant diseases and of nematodes.

关键词： expressed sequence tag   polyploidy   speciation   hybridization   development  

摘要： Twenty-first century technology is addressing ninny of the questions posed by 20th-century biology. Although the new approaches, especially those involving genomic data and biobiformatic tools, were first applied to model organisms, they are now stretching across the tree of life. Here, the review sonic recent revelations in the ferns. We first examine how DNA sequence data have contributed to our understanding of fern phylogeny Vile then address evolution of the fern plastid genome, including reports of high levels of RNA editing. Recent studies ore also shedding light on the evolution of fern nuclear genomes. Initial analyses of genomic data suggest that despite their very high chromosome numbers homosporous ferns may have experienced relatively few rounds of genome duplication. Genomic data are enabling researchers to examine speciation rates and the mechanisms underlying the formation of new fern species. We also describe genetic tools that have been used to study gene function and development in ferns. Recent findings in fern biology are providing insights that are not only pertinent to this major component of the land-flora but can also help to provide ran improved evolutionary context for research on flowering plants.

关键词： fluorescent proteins   maize   Arabidopsis   high-throughput techniques   global expression   functional profiling  

摘要： First discovered in jellyfish, fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been successfully optimized for use as effective biomarkers within living plant cells. When exposed to light, FPs fused to a protein or regulatory element will fluoresce, and non-invasively mark expression and protein localization, which allows for the in vivo monitoring of diverse cellular processes. In this review, we discuss how FP technology has evolved from small-scale analysis of individual genes to more high-throughput techniques for global expression and functional profiling in plants.

ISBN: (纸本)9787312026904

关键词： whole-genome shotgun sequencing   whole-genome association   polymorphisms   Landsberg erecta   Columbia   WGA  

摘要： In 1998 Cereon Genomics LLC, a subsidiary of Monsanto Co., performed a shotgun sequencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta genome to a depth of twofold coverage using 'classic' Sanger sequencing. This sequence was assembled and aligned to the Columbia ecotype sequence produced by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. The analysis provided tens of thousands of high-confidence predictions of polymorphisms between these two varieties of A. thaliana, and the predicted polymorphisms and Landsberg erecta sequence were subsequently made available to the not-for-profit research community by Monsanto. These data have been used for a wide variety of published studies, including map-based gene identification from forward genetic screens, studies of recombination and organelle genetics, and gene expression studies. The combination of resequencing approaches with next- generation sequencing technology has led to an increasing number of similar studies of genome- wide genetic diversity in A. thaliana, including the 1001 genomes project (http://***). Similar approaches are becoming possible in any number of crop species as DNA sequencing costs plummet and throughput rapidly increases, promising to lay the groundwork for revolutionizing our understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in plants.

关键词： 矮沙冬青   传粉生物学   特性  

摘要： [目的]阐明矮沙冬青的传粉机制，揭示影响矮沙冬青传粉成功的因素。[方法]以矮沙冬青的自然居群为研究对象，研究其花粉活力、柱头可授性、花药日散粉进程和传粉昆虫的种类、行为及访花频率。[结果]矮沙冬青花粉活力保持时间较长，I～9d内均能保持50％以上的花粉活力，0～8d内柱头均具有可授性，但柱头可授性下降很快，花后10d柱头丧失可授性：传粉昆虫主要为蜂类。昆虫的访花频率与植物的花药散粉进程高度吻合。花药日散粉、昆虫的传粉频率与环境温度密切相关、[结论]影响矮沙冬青传粉成功的因素主要有访花昆虫的数量、访花昆虫的访花频率和外界因素，

关键词： 珍稀濒危植物   金花茶   种子繁殖   生物学特性  

摘要： 对金花茶进行种子繁殖和生物学特性研究。结果表明:以含水6%湿沙贮藏,采用粒径大的种子(2.05cm×1.51cm×1.92cm)于3月进行播种繁殖,其发芽率最高,且幼苗长势健壮。金花茶从北热带季雨林中引种到中亚热带桂林雁山的自然环境条件下,植株能正常生长及开花结实。物候期比原产地推迟40d左右。成龄植株通常每年只有一次秋梢,于9月下旬开始展叶抽梢,10月中旬新梢停止生长。6月下旬至7月上旬开始现蕾,1月上旬至2月上旬为开花始期,2月下旬至3月中旬为开花盛期,3月下旬至4月上旬为开花末期。果实于11月下旬至12月成熟,生长期约9～10个月。17年生实生苗平均高(313.60±15.92)cm,基径(4.51±0.71)cm,平均冠幅(东西×南北)277.6cm×219.2cm。金花茶主要病害有赤叶枯病、炭疽病、白绢病等,4～6月高温湿热季节容易发病。虫害主要有蚜虫、卷叶蛾、天牛和木囊蛾等。